1922 Jan 3, Bill Travers producer, director, actor: Born Free,
was born.
(440 Int'l. 1/3/99)
1922 Jan 5, Sir Ernest Shackleton (47) died at sea enroute from
South Georgia Island to Antarctica. He was buried on South Georgia Island.
In 1924Hugh Robert Mill authored "The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton."
(ON, 5/00, p.10)
1922 Jan 22, Jean-Pierre Rampal (d.5/20/2000), flautist, was born
in Marseilles France.
(Internet)
1922 Jan 11, Insulin to treat diabetes was 1st used on Leonard
Thompson (14) of Canada.
(MC, 1/11/02)
1922 Jan 17, Betty White, actress (Mary Tyler Moore Show, Golden
Girls), was born.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1922 Jan 17, Luis Echeverria Alvarez, president Mexico, was born.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1922 Jan 22, Pope Benedict XV died; he was succeeded by Pius XI.
(AP, 1/22/98)
1922 Jan 23, The first successful test on a human patient with
diabetes occurred when insulin was administered to dangerously ill Leonard
Thompson. Following the birth of an idea and nine months of experimentation,
and through the combined efforts of four men at the University of Toronto,
Canada, insulin for the treatment of diabetes was first discovered and
later purified for human use. Rural Canadian physician Dr. F.G. Banting
first conceived the idea of extracting insulin from the pancreas in 1920.
He and his assistant C.H. Best prepared pancreatic extracts to prolong
the lives of diabetic dogs with advice and laboratory aid from Professor
J.J.R. Macleod. The crude insulin extract was purified for human testing
by Dr. J.B. Collip. Insulin, now made from cattle pancreases, lifted the
death sentence for diabetes sufferers around the world.
(HNPD, 1/23/99)
1922 Jan 24, Christian K. Nelson of Onawa, Iowa, patented the
Eskimo Pie. The product reportedly saved Iowa's dairy business during the
Great Depression.
(AP, 1/24/98)(SFEC, 4/11/99, Z1 p.8)
1922 Jan 28, The American Pro Football Association was renamed
"National Football League."
(MC, 1/28/02)
1922 Jan 30, Dick Martin, actor, comedian (Laugh-In), was born
in Detroit, Mich.
(MC, 1/30/02)
1922 Feb 2, James Joyce's novel "Ulysses" was published in Paris
with 1,000 copies.
(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)(MC, 2/2/02)
1922 Feb 5, The Reader's Digest began publication in New York.
(HN, 2/5/01)
1922 Feb 5, William Larned's steel-framed tennis racquet got
its first test.
(HN, 2/5/99)
1922 Feb 6, The Washington Disarmament Conference came to an end
with signature of final treaty forbidding fortification of the Aleutian
Islands for 14 years. The US, UK, France, Italy & Japan signed the
Washington naval arms limitation.
(HN, 2/6/99)(MC, 2/6/02)
1922 Feb 7, John Willard's "Cat & the Canary," premiered in
NYC.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1922 Feb 8, President Harding had a radio installed in the White
House.
(AP, 2/8/99)
1922 Feb 9, The U.S. Congress established the World War Foreign
Debt Commission.
(HN, 2/9/97)
1922 Feb 10, Harold Hughes, Governor of New Jersey, was born.
(HN, 2/10/97)
1922 Feb 11, "April Showers" by Al Jolson hit #1.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1922 Feb 11, US "intervention army" left Honduras.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1922 Feb 15, Marconi began regular broadcasting transmissions
from Essex.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1922 Feb 16, Geraint Evans, Welsh opera baritone (Knaben Wunderhorn,
Falstaff), was born.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1922 Feb 16, The Univ. of Vytautas the Great re-opened in Kaunas.
It was Lithuania’s main university until 1930.
(DrEE, 11/23/96, p.4)(LHC, 2/16/03)
1922 Feb 20, Vilnius, Lithuania, agreed to separate from Poland.
(MC, 2/20/02)
1922 Feb 21, Murray "the K" Kaufman, NYC DJ (5th Beatle), was
born.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1922 Feb 21, Airship Rome exploded at Hampton Roads, Virginia,
and 34 died.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1922 Feb 21, Great Britain granted Egypt independence.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1922 Feb 27, G.B. Shaw's "Back to Methuselah I/II" premiered in
NYC.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1922 Feb 27, Commerce Sec. Herbert Hoover convened the 1st National
Radio Conference.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1922 Feb 27, The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the 19th Amendment
to the Constitution that guaranteed the right of women to vote.
(AP, 2/27/98)
1922 Feb 28, Britain declared Egypt a sovereign state, but British
troops remained.
(HN, 2/28/98)(MC, 2/28/02)
1922 Mar 1, Yitzhak Rabin, premier (Israel, 1992-95, Nobel 1994),
was born.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1922 Mar 3, WWJ-AM in Detroit, MI, began radio transmissions.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1922 Mar 3, Italian fascists occupied Fiume and Rijeka.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1922 Mar 5, Pier Paolo Pasolini, director (Teorema, Pigsty), was
born in Bologna, Italy.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1922 Mar 5, "Nosferatu" premiered in Berlin.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1922 Mar 6, G.B. Shaw's "Back to Methusaleh III/IV," premiered
in NYC.
(MC, 3/6/02)
1922 Mar 9, Eugene O'Neill's "Hairy Ape," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 3/9/02)
1922 Mar 12, Jack Kerouac, American novelist, was born. He wrote
"On the Road."
(HN, 3/12/99)
1922 Mar 13, George Bernard Shaw’s "Back to Methusaleh V," premiered
in NYC.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1922 Mar 15, France was willing to accept raw material instead
of currency for German reparations.
(HN, 3/15/98)
1922 Mar 16, Sultan Fuad I was crowned king of Egypt. England
recognized Egypt.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1922 Mar 18, Mohandas K. Gandhi was sentenced in India to six
years' imprisonment for civil disobedience. He was released after serving
two years. [see Mar 22]
(AP, 3/18/97)
1922 Mar 20, Raymond Walter Goulding, Radio comedian of Bob and
Ray fame, was born.
(HN, 3/20/01)
1922 Mar 20, Carl Reiner, comedian (2000 Year Old Man, Dick Van
Dyke Show), was born in the Bronx.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1922 Mar 20, President Harding ordered U.S. troops back from
the Rhineland.
(HN, 3/20/98)
1922 Mar 20, The 11,500-ton Langley was commissioned into the
U.S. Navy as America’s first aircraft carrier. Langley was not regarded
as a beautiful ship. Her flight deck was 533 feet long and 64 feet wide
with an open-sided hanger deck, inspiring the nickname "the Old Covered
Wagon." Under the leadership of Commander Kenneth Whiting, Langley served
as a base for reconnaissance aircraft and a laboratory to develop new procedures
for launching and recovering planes, such as the use of cross-deck arresting
wires to brake incoming aircraft.
(HN, 3/20/99)
1922 Mar 22, A British court sentenced Mahatma Gandhi to 6 years
in prison. [see Mar 18]
(MC, 3/22/02)
1922 Mar 23, 1st airplane landed at the US Capitol in Washington
DC.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1922 Mar 28, The 1st microfilm device was introduced.
(MC, 3/28/02)
1922 Mar 29, The Lithuanian government announced a land reform
act enacted Feb 15.
(LC, 1998, p.12)(LHC, 3/29/03)
1922 Mar 31, Richard Kiley, actor (Man of La Mancha, Endless Love),
was born in Chicago.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1922 Apr 1, William Manchester, historian (Death of a President),
was born in Attleboro, Mass.
(MC, 4/1/02)
1922 Apr 3, Stalin was appointed General Secretary of Communist
Party.
(MC, 4/3/02)
1922 Apr 4, Elmer Bernstein, movie music composer (Robot Monster),
was born in NYC.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1922 Apr 6, Barry Levinson, director (Rain Man), was born.
(MC, 4/6/02)
1922 Apr 7, U.S. Secretary of Interior leased Naval Reserve
#3, "Teapot Dome," in Wyoming to Harry F. Sinclair.
(HN, 4/7/97)(MC, 4/7/02)
1922 Apr 13, John Gerard Braine, British novelist (Room at the
Top), was born.
(HN, 4/13/01)
1922 Apr 14, Irish Republic rebels occupied 4 government courts
in Dublin.
(MC, 4/14/02)
1922 Apr 15, Neville Mariner, conductor, was born.
(HN, 4/15/01)
1922 Apr 15, Harold Washington, first black mayor of Chicago
(1983-1987), was born.
(HN, 4/15/98)(MC, 4/15/02)
1922 Apr 16, Kingsley Amis (d.1995), novelist and poet, was born.
He wrote more than 20 novels and 6 volumes of verse. His work included
"The King’s English: A Guide to Modern Usage." In 1998 Eric Jacobs published
the biography "Kingsley Amis."
(WSJ, 10/23/95, p.A-1)(SFEC, 7/19/98, BR p.3)(HN, 4/16/01)
1922 Apr 16, Annie Oakley shot 100 clay targets in a row, to
set a women’s record.
(HN, 4/16/98)
1922 Apr 16, A German-Russia treaty was signed in Italy. It recognized
the Soviet Union.
(MC, 4/16/02)
1922 Apr 19, Erich Hartmann, German WW II pilot who later
downed 352 Russian aircrafts, was born.
(MC, 4/19/02)
1922 Apr 22, Charles Mingus (d.1979), jazz bassist, was born.
(HN, 4/22/01)
1922 Apr 27, Fritz Lang's "Dr Mabuse, der Spieler" premiered in
Berlin.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1922 Apr 29, A 100-mile-long battle raged near Peking, China.
(HN, 4/29/98)
1922 May 5, Construction began on Yankee Stadium in the Bronx.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1922 May 18, Dutch 2nd Chamber agreed to a 48 hour work week over
the previous 45 hours.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1922 May 23, "Abbie’s Irish Rose" opened for the 1st of over 2,500
performances.
(MC, 5/23/02)
1922 May 25, Babe Ruth was suspended for 1 day and fined $200
for throwing dirt on an umpire.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1922 May 26, Lenin suffered a stroke.
(MC, 5/26/02)
1922 May 29, U.S. Supreme Court ruled that organized baseball
is a sport, not subject to antitrust laws.
(HN, 5/29/98)
1922 May 29, Ecuador became independent.
(HN, 5/29/98)
1922 May 29, Jevgeni B. Vachtangov (39), Armenian-Russian actor,
director, died.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1922 May 30, The Lincoln Memorial was dedicated in Washington,
D.C., by Chief Justice William Howard Taft. The Memorial has 48 sculptured
festoons above the columns representing the number of states at the time
of dedication. The 36 Doric columns in the Lincoln Memorial represent the
number of states in the Union at the time of Lincoln’s death in 1865. The
limestone and marble edifice, which is situated at the western end of the
Mall, was designed by Henry Bacon in the style of a Greek temple.
(AP, 5/30/97)(HNQ, 2/12/00)
1922 Jun 3, Alain Resnais, French film director, was born.
(HN, 6/3/01)
1922 Jun 7, Rocky Graziano, boxer, entertainer (Pantomime Quiz,
Martha Raye Show), was born.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1922 Jun 10, Judy Garland, singer-actress was born as Frances
Ethel Gumm in Grand Rapids, Minn. She starred in The Wizard of Oz and Easter
Parade.
(AP, 6/10/97)(HN, 6/10/99)
1922 Jun 11, John Bromfield, actor (Easy to Love), was born in
South Bend, In.
(SC, 6/11/02)
1922 Jun 14, Warren G. Harding became the first president heard
on radio, as Baltimore station WEAR broadcast his speech dedicating the
Francis Scott Key memorial at Fort McHenry. [see Jan 19, 1903]
(AP, 6/14/97)(HN, 6/14/98)
1922 Jun 15, Morris "Mo" Udall (d.1998), U.S. Congressman from
Arizona (1961-1991), was born in St. Johns, Az. He was one of 6 children
in a pioneer Mormon family and was instrumental in investigating the Mai
Lai Massacre in Vietnam and later sought the Democratic presidential nomination
in 1976.
(HN, 6/15/99)(SFC, 12/14/98, p.A5)
1922 Jun 16, Henry Berliner demonstrated his helicopter to US
Bureau of Aeronautics.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1922 Jun 19, Aage Nills Bohr, physicist, study atomic nucleus
(Nobel 1975), was born in Denmark.
(MC, 6/19/02)
1922 Jun 21, Judy Holliday, actress, was born.
(HN, 6/21/01)
1922 Jun 22, Bill Blass (d.2002), fashion designer, was born in
Fort Wayne, Ind.
(SFC, 6/13/02, p.A23)
1922 Jun 27, George Walker, composer (In Praise of Lillies), was
born in Washington, DC.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1922 Jun 27, The Newberry Medal was 1st presented for kids literature
to Hendrik Van Loon.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1922 Jun 30, Irish rebels in London assassinated Sir Henry Wilson,
the British deputy for Northern Ireland.
(HN, 6/30/98)
1922 Jul 2, Dan Rowan, comedian (Rowan & Martin's Laugh-in),
was born in Beggs, Okla.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1922 Jul 6, Vice-president Calvin Coolidge gave a speech at Fredericksburg
City Park on behalf of a fund raising campaign to save and restore the
Kenmore House, the home of Elizabeth (sister of George Washington) and
Fielding Lewis.
(HT, 5/97, p.44,68)
1922 Jul 17, Donald Davie, English poet and literary critic, was
born.
(HN, 7/17/01)
1922 Jul 19, George McGovern, 1972 Democratic candidate for president
of the United States, South Dakota senator, was born.
(HN, 7/19/98)
1922 Jul 27, The US government recognized the Lithuanian government
de jure.
(Dr, 7/96, V1#1, p.4)
1922 Aug 7, The Irish Republican Army cut the cable link between
the United States and Europe at Waterville landing station.
(HN, 8/7/98)
1922 Aug 12, The home of Frederick Douglass in Washington, D.C.
was dedicated as a memorial.
(HN, 8/12/98)
1922 Aug 18, Shelly Winters, actress who won an Academy Award
for The Diary of Anne Frank, was born.
(HN, 8/18/98)
1922 Aug 22, Michael Collins, Irish politician, was killed in
an ambush.
(HN, 8/22/98)
1922 Aug 26, The Philadelphia Phillies beat the Chicago Cubs 26-23.
(SFEC, 7/25/99, Z1 p.2)
1922 Aug 28, The first-ever radio commercial aired on station
WEAF in New York City (the 10-minute advertisement was for the Queensboro
Realty Company, which had paid a fee of $100).
(HFA, ‘96, p.36)(AP, 8/28/97)
1922 Aug, Templeton Crocker led a movement to "organize anew"
the California Historical Society. The society began publishing a magazine
that has continued ever since.
(SFEC, 8/31/97, DB p.9)(SFEC,10/26/97, DB p.55)
1922 Aug, The last California grizzly bear was shot by a Fresno
cattle rancher, though another was sighted in Tulare County a couple years
later.
(Pac. Disc., summer, ‘96, p.8)
1922 Aug, The ecumenical patriarch in Constantinople recognized
the Autochephalous Albanian Orthodox Church.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1922 Sep 1, Yvonne De Carlo, actress (10 Commandments, Munsters)
was born in Vancouver, BC.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 1, Vittorio Gassman, actor (War and Peace) was born.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 1, Melvin R. Laird (Rep-R-Mich), US Secretary of Defense
(1969-73) was born.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 1, A NYC law required all "pool" rooms to change their
name to "billiards."
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 8, Sid Caesar, comedian and television star, best known
for "Your Show of Shows," and "The Sid Caesar Show," was born in Yonkers,
NY.
(HN, 9/8/98)(MC, 9/8/01)
1922 Sep 9, William T. Cosgrave replaced assassinated Irish leader
Michael Collins.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1922 Sep 9, Turkish troops conquered Smyrna and murdered Greek
citizens.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1922 Sep 11, The British mandate of Palestine began.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1922 Sep 13, In El Azizia, Libya, a temperature of 136 degrees
Fahrenheit (57.8 Celsius) was the hottest ever measured on Earth.
(MC, 9/13/01)(AP, 7/23/03)
1922 Sep 21, Pres Warren G. Harding signed a joint resolution
of approval to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
(MC, 9/21/01)
1922 Sep 24, Cornell MacNeil, US, operatic baritone (La Traviata),
was born.
(MC, 9/24/01)
1922 Sep 28, Mussolini marched on Rome.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1922 Sep, Ahmet Zogu, a tribal warlord, assumed the position of
Prime Minister.
(SFC, 6/27/97, p.A16)(www, Albania, 1998)
1922 Oct 3, Rebecca L. Felton, D-Ga., became the first woman to
be seated in the U.S. Senate. (Mrs. Felton had been appointed to serve
out the remaining term of Sen. Thomas E. Watson.)
(AP, 10/3/97)
1922 Oct 3, The 1st facsimile photo (fax) was sent over city
telephone lines in Washington, DC.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1922 Oct 8, Dr. Christiaan Barnard, Pioneering South African heart-transplant
surgeon, was born. [see Nov 8]
(MC, 10/8/01)
1922 Oct 8, Lilian Gatlin became the first woman pilot to fly
across the United States.
(HN, 10/8/98)
1922 Oct 9, Fyvush Finkel, actor (Middle Ages, Picket Fences,
Boston Public), was born.
(MC, 10/9/01)
1922 Oct 14, The 1st automated telephones began service at the
Pennsylvania exchange in NYC.
(MC, 10/14/01)
1922 Oct 18, Little Orphan Annie, comic strip character, was born.
(MC, 10/18/01)
1922 Oct 22, Parsifal Place was laid out in Bronx. It was named
after a knight in Wagner's Opera.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1922 Oct 24, Irish Parliament adopted a constitution for an Irish
Free State.
(MC, 10/24/01)
1922 Oct 26, Italian government resigned under pressure from fascists
and Benito Mussolini.
(MC, 10/26/01)
1922 Oct 27, The first US annual celebration of Navy Day took
place.
(AP, 10/27/00)
1922 Oct 27, In Italy, liberal Luigi Facta’s cabinet resigned
after threats from Mussolini that "either the government will be given
to us or we will seize it by marching on Rome." Mussolini called for a
general mobilization of all Fascists.
(HN, 10/27/98)
1922 Oct 28, The 1st coast-to-coast radio broadcast of a football
game.
(MC, 10/28/01)
1922 Oct 28, Fascism came to Italy as Benito Mussolini took control
of the government.
(AP, 10/28/97)
1922 Oct 30, Mussolini sent his black shirts into Rome and formed
a government. The Fascist takeover was almost without bloodshed. [see Oct
28]
(HN, 10/30/98)(MC, 10/30/01)
1922 Oct 31, Norodom Sihanouk, king, president and premier of
Cambodia (My War with the CIA), was born.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1922 Oct 31, Karel & Josef Capek's "World We Live In," premiered
in NYC.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1922 Oct 31, Mussolini was made prime minister. He centralized
all power in himself as leader of the Fascist party and attempted to create
an Italian empire, ultimately in alliance with Hitler's Germany. Mussolini
formed a cabinet of Fascists and Nationalists and declared himself temporary
dictator.
(HN, 10/30/98)(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)
1922 Nov 1, The Ottoman Empire was abolished.
(MC, 11/1/01)
1922 Nov 2, Australian Qantas airways began service.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1922 Nov 4, The US Postmaster General ordered all homes to get
mailboxes or relinquish delivery of mail.
(HN, 11/4/98)
1922 Nov 4, British archeologist Howard Carter was elated when
his Egyptian workers uncovered the top of a stairway cut into bedrock in
the Valley of the Kings. For a decade, Carter had been searching for the
tomb of the young king Tutankhamen, who had ruled Egypt 3,200 years before.
Carter was particularly thrilled at the discovery of the staircase because
his wealthy patron, the Earl of Carnarvon, had agreed to fund only one
more season before abandoning the search. At the bottom of the staircase
was a sealed doorway, which suggested that the tomb had probably not been
robbed. Carter ordered the stairway filled and telegraphed his patron,
"At last have made wonderful discovery in valley; a magnificent tomb with
seals intact; recovered same for your arrival; congratulations." On November
26, Carter, with Carnarvon standing by, drilled a small hole in the tomb's
antechamber. Inserting a candle, Carter peered into the darkness at the
rich funerary goods. When asked by Carnarvon if he could see anything,
the awestruck Carter replied, "Yes, wonderful things."
(NG, May 1985, R. Caputo, p.598)(AP, 11/4/97)(HNPD, 11/3/98)
1922 Nov 5, King Tut’s tomb was discovered. [see Nov 4}
(HN, 11/5/98)
1922 Nov 6, King George V proclaimed Irish Free state.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1922 Nov 7, Al Hirt, jazz trumpeter, was born in New Orleans,
La.
(MC, 11/7/01)
1922 Nov 8, Christiaan Barnard, South African surgeon, was born.
He performed the first human heart transplant operation. [see Oct 8]
(HN, 11/8/00)
1922 Nov 11, Kurt Vonnegut, American author who wrote "Slaughterhouse
Five," was born.
(HN, 11/11/98)
1922 Nov 11, Canada’s Vernon McKenzie urged fighting U.S. propaganda
with taxes on U.S. magazines.
(HN, 11/11/98)
1922 Nov 12, Charlotte MacLeod, mystery writer, was born. (Rest
You Merry, Maid of Honor).
(HN, 11/12/00)
1922 Nov 13, Black Renaissance began in Harlem, NY.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1922 Nov 13, George Cohan's musical "Little Nellie Kelly," premiered
in NYC.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1922 Nov 14, Boutros Boutros Ghali, Egyptian secretary-general
of UN (1992-), was born.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1922 Nov 14, The British Broadcasting Corporation, BBC, began
the first daily radio broadcasts from Marconi House.
(AP, 11/14/97)(HN, 11/14/98)
1922 Nov 15, It was announced that Dr. Alexis Carrel discovered
white corpuscles.
(HN, 11/15/00)
1922 Nov 18, Marcel Proust (b.1871), French author (Recherche
du Temps Perdu), died at 51. His masterpiece was "Remembrance of Things
Past." In 1998 it was turned into a comic book series. In 1998 Alain de
Botton published the whimsical "How Proust Can Save Your Life." In 1999
Edmund White wrote the biography "Marcel Proust." The major biography by
John Yves Taddie was scheduled to appear in English in 1999. In 2000 Roger
Shattuck authored "Proust’s Way." William C. Carter authored "Marcel Proust:
A Life."
(SFC, 9/16/98, p.A10)(SFEC, 1/17/99, BR p.3)(SFEC, 9/3/00, BR
p.3)(MC, 11/18/01)
1922 Nov 21, Rebecca L. Felton of Georgia was sworn in as the
first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate.
(AP, 11/21/97)
1922 Nov 24, Italian parliament gave Mussolini dictatorial powers
"for 1 year."
(MC, 11/24/01)
1922 Nov 25, Archaeologist Howard Carter entered King Tut's tomb.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1922 Nov 26, Charles M. Shultz, American cartoonist who created
"Peanuts" starring Charlie Brown, was born.
(HN, 11/26/98)
1922 Nov 26, Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter, archeologists,
opened King Tut’s tomb in Egypt.
(HN, 11/26/98)(AP, 11/26/02)
1922 Nov 27, Allied delegates barred Soviets from Near East peace
conference.
(HN, 11/27/98)
1922 Nov 28, Capt. Cyril Turner of the Royal Air Force gave the
first public skywriting exhibition, spelling out, "Hello U-S-A. Call Vanderbilt
7200" over New York’s Times Square. 47,000 called.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)
1922 Nov 30, Hitler spoke to 50,000 national socialists (Nazis)
in Munich.
(MC, 11/30/01)
1922 Dec 1, 1st skywriting over US-"Hello USA"-by Capt Turner,
RAF.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1922 Dec 4, Gerard Philipe, actor (Caligula, Le Diable au Corps),
was born in Cannes, France.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1922 Dec 3, Sven Nykvist, Swedish cinematographer, was born.
(HN, 12/3/00)
1922 Dec 11, Grace Paley, short story writer, was born.
(HN, 12/11/00)
1922 Dec 14, Don Hewitt, NYC, CBS news executive producer (60
Minutes), was born.
(MC, 12/14/01)
1922 Dec 20, 14 republics formed the Union of Soviet Socialistic
Republics (USSR).
(MC, 12/20/01)
1922 Dec 21, Paul Winchell, ventriloquist (Jerry Mahoney, Knucklehead
Smith), was born in NYC.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1922 Dec 24, Ava Gardner, actress (On the Beach, Night of the
Iguana), was born in Grabtown, NC.
(MC, 12/24/01)
1922 Dec 30, Vladimir I. Lenin proclaimed the establishment of
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet Russia was renamed the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet Union was organized as
a federation of RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR and Transcaucasian
SSR.
(AP, 12/30/97)(HN, 12/30/98)(MC, 12/30/01)
1922 The second largest equestrian statue in the world, located
in Washington, D.C., is of General and later President Ulysses S. Grant.
The statue of Grant, sculpted by Henry Merwin Shrady and dedicated in 1922,
stands at head of the reflecting pool in front of the U.S. Capitol Building.
The only equestrian statue larger is of Victor Emmanuel in Italy.
(HNQ, 11/21/98)
1922 Pierre Bonnard painted "Woman With Dog."
(WSJ, 11/17/99, p.A20)
1922 Paul Klee painted his watercolor "Little Regata." It was
stolen from the Phillips Collection in Washington DC in 1963 and returned
in 1997.
(WSJ, 6/24/97, p.A20)
1922 Fernand Leger painted his "Mother and Child."
(WSJ, 2/8/96, p.A-12)
1922 Maxfield Parrish painted his oil "Daybreak." It was auctioned
off at Sotheby’s in 1996 for $4,292,500.
(SFC, 6/12/96, p.C1)
1922 Picasso painted "Mother and Child." [also dated 1921] Picasso
originally used his wife's body and the face of another woman and included
himself. He later cut himself out after his marriage deteriorated and began
painting his wife with a long ugly neck and angry teeth.
(WSJ, 4/27/95, p.C-1)(WSJ, 4/9/99, p.W16)
1922 Walter Berndt premiered his comic strip "Smitty" in the New
York Daily News. It was about an office boy and his annoying kid brother
named Herby, who made his own debut in 1930.
(SFC, 7/8/98, Z1 p.3)
1922 Willa Cather won a Pulitzer Prize for her novel "One of Ours."
(SFEC, 4/2/00, BR p.4)
1922 Hermann Hesse published his novel "Siddhartha," a short lyric
novel of a father-son relationship based on the early life of Buddha and
inspired by Hesse’s travels through India.
(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)(iUniv. 7/2/00)
1922 Sinclair Lewis (1965-1951) published his novel "Babbitt."
(WSJ, 7/13/99, p.A20)(WSJ, 1/18/02, p.W8)
1922 Emily Post published "Etiquette," which became a best-seller.
(WSJ, 7/13/99, p.A20)
1922 Lewis Fry Richardson published "Weather Prediction by Numerical
Process." He proposed to setup 64,000 people to work together in a vast
installation to formulate global weather forecasts.
(Wired, 2/99, p.104)
1922 Ranier Marie Rilke published "Mitsou," about a cat that runs
away from a boy. It was illustrated by Balthus (b.1908).
(SFEC, 2/6/00, BR p.12)
1922 Margaret Sanger wrote "Pivot of Civilization." She called
for the segregation of "morons, misfits, and the maladjusted" and for the
"sterilization of "genetically inferior races."
(WSJ, 5/5/97, p.A18)
1922 Upton Sinclair self-published "The Goose-Step: A Study of
American Education."
(SFEM, 1/30/00, p.15)
1922 "The Velvetten Rabbit" by Margery Williams was published.
The book was illustrated by William Nicholson.
(SFEC, 2/27/00, BR p.12)
1922 James Weldon Johnson published his landmark anthology: "The
Book of American Negro Poetry."
(MT, 3/96, p.14)
1922 T.S. Eliot wrote his long poem "The Waste Land."
(WSJ, 9/12/96, p.A14)
1922 Harley Granville Barker, English playwright, wrote "The Secret
Life," a romantic melodrama set in England’s countryside after WW I.
(WSJ, 8/29/97, p.A9)
1922 The Broadway show "Liza" featured Maude Russell Rutherford
(d.2001 at 104) as one of the chorus girls who introduced the Charleston
dance. The lyrics and music were by Maceo Pinkard.
(SFC, 3/30/01, p.D5)
1922 Jean Borlin, Swedish dancer, choreographed the ballet "Skating
Rink." The décor and costumes were designed by Ferdnand Leger. The
music was by Arthur Honneger.
(WSJ, 6/25/99, p.W7)
1922 The play "Abies' Irish Rose" began in New York City and ran
for 2,327 performances over the next 5 years.
(SFC, 12/28/99, p.C4)
1922 The Mills Brothers began performing in Piqua, Ohio. Donald
Mills (d.1999), the youngest brother (7), Harry, Herbert and John (d.1936)
later made their first hit with "Tiger Rag." Other hits included "Glow
Worm," "Yellow Bird" and "Paper Doll."
(SFC, 11/16/99, p.E6)
1922 The New York Philharmonic made its first radio broadcast
from the old Lewisohn Stadium in upper Manhattan.
(WSJ, 11/13/97, p.A20)
c1922 Saxophonist Benny Carter began playing with Duke Ellington
and Cab Calloway at age 15. Ellington’s band was the Cotton Club Orchestra.
His drummer up to the 1940s was Sonny Greer.
(SFC, 9/5/96, p.B2)(SFEM, 10/5/97, p.9)
1922 Louis Armstrong moved to Chicago.
(WSJ, 1/3/95, p. 8)
1922 The first radio station on the West Coast went on the air
in San Jose as KQW, later KCBS.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, Z1 p.4)
1922 Sid Grauman created the concept of the Hollywood premiere
by throwing a glittering opening for Douglas Fairbanks Sr.‘s "Robin Hood"
at his new Egyptian Theater. Its décor was inspired by the recent
discovery of King Tut‘s tomb.
(AP, 6/18/00)
1922 The Warner Brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack, opened
their first West Coast studio.
(WSJ, 1/11/00, p.B1)
1922 The 1st arc-welded structure in the US was a 245-step, freestanding,
steel staircase into the Moaning Caverns of Calaveras, Ca.
(SSFC, 12/16/01, p.C5)
1922 The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) expanded its first building
at 10 Broad St. to include 11 Wall St.
(SFC, 4/23/98, p.D2)
1922 A Greek Orthodox Archdiocese was established in the US.
(SFC,10/27/97, p.A3)
1922 Mennonites from Canada and Pennsylvania fled persecution
and settled near Chihuahua, Mexico.
(SFEC, 6/1/97, p.T3)(SFEC, 11/5/00, p.T4)
1922 El Charro, Tuscon’s oldest Mexican restaurant was founded.
(AWAM, Dec. 94, p.31)
1922 The Pescadero High School in Pescadero, Calif. was founded.
(SFC, 5/12/96, p.C-3)
1922 Reader’s Digest launched its flagship magazine.
(WSJ, 4/18/00, p.A1)
1922 The journal Foreign Affairs was founded with Archibald Cary
Coolidge as editor.
(WSJ, 11/20/97, p.A20)
1922 In the Rose Bowl California played to a 0-0 tie with Washington
& Jefferson.
(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)
1922 The Hollywood censorship regime known as the Hays Office
was set up. It established that no two people could be filmed in the same
bed and helped to popularize twin beds.
(SFEC, 3/15/98, Z1 p.8)
1922 Washington made a Naval Treaty with Japan.
(AP, 12/29/97)
1922 The Colorado River Compact allocated 7.5 million acre-feet
of water from the upper basin states (Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico)
to be delivered to the lower basin sates (California, Arizona and Nevada).
(SFEC, 8/24/97, p.A10)
1922 Ford bought Lincoln Motor Co.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1922 Jim Dole, businessman, bought 98% of Lana’i, Hawaii, for
$1.1 million. He then turned the land over to the production of pineapple.
(SFEM, 10/13/96, p.24)
1922 Samuel I. Newhouse (d.1979) bought the financially troubled
Staten Island Advance newspaper. The Newhouse family expanded the operations
into a major communications conglomerate.
(SFEC, 11/29/98, p.B6)
1922 Dole, a Boston businessman, bought 98% of Hawaii’s Lanai
Island for $1.1 million and planted 16,000 acres of pineapple. He imported
plantation workers from Japan, China and the Philippines.
(SSFC, 8/26/01, p.T10)
1922 Macy’s Department Stores became a publicly traded corporation.
In 1996 Jeffrey A. Trachtenberg wrote how the company was taken private
in 1986 to its Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1992: "The Rain on Macy’s Par."
(SFC, 11/27/96, p.D5)
1922 Jules Stein created the band-booking agency Music Corporation
of America.
(SSFC, 6/15/03, p.M1)
1922 Tinker Beads began to be produced. A full set contained 144
wooden beads, cord and a blunt needle.
(SFC, 2/5/97, z-1 p.7)
1922 Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician,
made two simple assumptions about the universe that show why we should
not expect it to be static. The first is that the universe looks identical
in whichever direction we look and the second is that this would also be
true if we were to observe the universe from anywhere else. This is later
proven by Bubble.
(BHT, Hawking, p.40)
1922 Roy Chapman Andrews of the American Museum of Natural History
led an expedition to the Gobi desert and discovered dinosaur bones. Later
expeditions there turned up bones and nests of Protoceratops, a small horned
dinosaur. He led 6 expeditions to the Gobi between 1921 and 1930. Andrews’
own autobiography is titled "Under a Lucky Star." In 2001 Charles Gallencamp
the Andrews biography: "Dragon Hunter."
(T.E.-J.B. p.25)(AM, 7/97, p.80)(WSJ, 5/21/01, p.A20)
1922 Walther Rathenau, a German-Jewish industrialist, was assassinated
by right-wing thugs. The 1999 book "Einstein's German World" by Fritz Stern
included an essay on Rathenau. Other essays presented views of Max Planck,
physicist, Paul Ehrlich, founder of chemotherapy, and Fritz Haber, who
worked on the insecticide later known as Zyklon-B.
(WSJ, 9/21/99, p.A24)
1922 In Albania Zog, a tribal warlord, became the prime minister.
(SFC, 6/27/97, p.A16)
1922 In Pauillac, France, Baron Philippe de Rothschild took over
the Bordeaux region vineyard that had been initially purchased by his great-grandfather.
He initiated bottling all production at the chateau and commissioned the
architect, Charles Siclis, to build the famous "Grand Chai," as the centerpiece
building.
(SFEC, 2/1/98, p.T4)
1922 In The Rapallo Treaty Germany recognized Lenin's regime.
(WSJ, 8/5/99, p.A16)
1922 Their was a rainfall of spiders over Hungary.
(SFC, 5/30/98, p.E4)
1922 In India civil disobedience demonstrators killed 22 police
officers and Gandhi called off his campaign of disobedience.
(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)
1922 The Irish Republican Army refused to accept a separate Northern
Ireland under British rule.
(SFEC, 12/22/96, Z1 p.7)
1922 In Ireland a cease-fire was established.
(SFEC, 10/20/96, p.C4)
1922 Revolutionary Erskine Childers was killed by Irish Free State
forces. His son later became president, and his grandson a UN official.
(SFC, 4/9/96, p.A17)
1922 The Univ. of Lithuania was founded in Kaunas.
(DrEE, 11/23/96, p.4)
1922 The West Bank became an unallocated portion of the Palestine
Mandate.
(SFC, 6/24/96, p.A19)
1922 The Red October Heat and Power Plant opened in St. Petersburg,
Russia.
(SSFC, 12/22/02, p.F8)
1922 Scotland joined the United Kingdom of England, Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland.
(WSJ, 4/16/97, p.A13)
1922-1928 Dolly Rekords were made during this period by the Averill
Co. They were played on a small record player inside the body of a Madame
Hendren Doll.
(SFC, 9/23/98, Z1 p.8)
1922-1948 Palestine and the West Bank comprised about 1/5th of the local
area under British rule at his time.
(SFC, 1/22/98, p.C12)
1922-1953 Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union.
(AHD, 1971, p.1255)
1922-1981 H. C. Westerman, American artist. He is recognized as the
pioneer of the Chicago Monster School of grotesque comic art. His work
included the watercolor "Mohave" (1966), and the box sculptures "March
or Die" (1966), and "The Evil Force" (1962).
(SFC, 9/25/97, p.B2)
1923 Jan 1, Sadi Lecointe set a new aviation speed record flying
an average of 208 mph at Istres.
(HN, 1/1/99)
1923 Jan 2, A Ku Klux Klan surprise attack on a black residential
area of Rosewood, Fla., killed 8 people. The all-black town of Rosewood,
a north Florida community of 120 people, was burned to the ground. A white
woman fearful of being caught in an affair, falsely claimed that she was
raped and beaten by a black man. Violence exploded as a white mob tried
to string up a black man for information on an alleged rape. At least 6
black and 2 white died and almost every building was burned. In 1994 the
Florida legislature provided up to $2 million in compensation to survivors.
Nine survivors won a $2 million settlement in 1995. In 1996 the event was
recreated in the film "Rosewood" by John Singleton.
(SFEC, 8/25/96, DB p.43)(SFC, 9/24/97, p.C2) (SFC, 2/5/00, p.A3)(MC,
1/2/02)
1923 Jan 4, The Paris Conference on war reparations hit a deadlock
as the French insisted on the hard line and the British insisted on Reconstruction.
(HN, 1/4/99)
1923 Jan 5, The Senate debated the benefits of Peyote for the
American Indian.
(HN, 1/5/99)
1923 Jan 8, Joseph Wiezenbaum, artificial intelligence pioneer,
was born.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1923 Jan 8, Giorgio Tozzi, basso (Met Opera, Boris, Don Giovanni),
was born in Chicago, Illinois.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1923 Jan 9, Katherine Mansfield (34), NZ-British writer (Dove's
Nest), died.
(MC, 1/9/02)
1923 Jan 10, The United States withdrew its last troops from Germany.
(HN, 1/10/99)
1923 Jan 11, The French entered Essen in the Ruhr. They were there
to extract Germany's resources as war payment.
(HN, 1/11/99)
1923 Jan 13, Hitler denounced the Weimar republic as 5,000 storm
troopers demonstrated in Germany.
(HN, 1/13/99)
1923 Jan 15, Lithuanians took Klaipeda back from French control.
(LC, 1998, p.8)(LHC, 1/15/03)
1923 Jan 19, The French announced the invention of a new gun with
a range of 56 miles.
(HN, 1/19/99)
1923 Jan 28, The 1st "National Socialist German Workers Party"
(NSDAP, aka NAZI) formed in Munich.
(MC, 1/28/02)
1923 Jan 31, Norman Mailer, NYC mayoral candidate, novelist (Naked
and the Dead), was born in NJ. In 1999 Mary V. Dearborn published "Norman
Mailer: A Biography."
(SFEC, 12/26/99, BR p.7)(MC, 1/31/02)
1923 Feb 1, Fascists Voluntary Militia formed in Italy under Mussolini.
(MC, 2/1/02)
1923 Feb 2, Ethyl gasoline was 1st marketed in Dayton, Ohio.
(MC, 2/2/02)
1923 Feb 3, The National Union committee divided a neutral zone
between Lithuania and Poland and drew a final line of demarcation.
(LHC, 2/3/03)
1923 Feb 4, French troops took Offenburg, Appenweier and Buhl
in the Ruhr as a part of the agreement ending World War I.
(HN, 2/4/99)
1923 Feb 5, Stephen J. Cannell, TV producer, writer (Rockford
Files), was born.
(MC, 2/5/02)
1923 Feb 6, Edward E. Barnard (65), US astronomer (5th moon Jupiter),
died.
(MC, 2/6/02)
1923 Feb 8, German NSDAP (Nazi Party) Volkischer Beobachter newspaper
became a daily.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1923 Feb 9, Brendan Behan, Irish playwright and poet, was born
in Dublin, Ireland. His work included "The Hostage" and "The Quare Fellow."
(HN, 2/9/01)(MC, 2/9/02)
1923 Feb 9, Norman E. Shumway, pioneer cardiac transplant surgeon,
was born in Mich.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1923 Feb 9, Soviet Aeroflot airlines formed.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1923 Feb 10, Cesare Siepi, basso (NY Metropolitan Opera), was
born in Milan, Italy.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1923 Feb 10, Wilhelm Konrad von Röntgen (77), physicist
(Nobel 1901), died.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1923 Feb 13, Charles "Chuck" Yeager, American test pilot, was
born. He was the first man to break the sound barrier on October 14, 1947.
(HN, 2/13/99)
1923 Feb 15, Yelena Bonner, soviet dissident, wife of Andre Sakharov,
was born in Moscow.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1923 Feb 16, Betsy Smith makes her first recording "Down Hearted
Blues," her music reflected the Depression era.
(HN, 2/16/99)
1923 Feb 16-17, The burial chamber of King Tutankhamen's recently
unearthed tomb was unsealed by Howard Carter in Egypt.
(AP, 2/16/98)(ON, 5/00, p.8)(MC, 2/16/02)
1923 Feb 19, Jean Sibelius' 6th Symphony premiered.
(MC, 2/19/02)
1923 Feb 22, US transcontinental airmail service began.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1923 Feb 22, 1st successful chinchilla farm established in US
was in LA, Calif.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1923 Feb 26, Italian nationalist blue-shirts merged with the fascist
black-shirts.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1923 Feb 28, Charles Durning, actor (Fury, Sting, Tootsie), was
born in Highland Falls, NY.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1923 Mar 1, Allies occupied Ruhrgebied and killed a railroad striker.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1923 Mar 2, Doc Watson, singer and guitarist, was born.
(HN, 3/2/01)
1923 Mar 2, The first issue of the weekly periodical, "TIME"
appeared on newsstands. The first issue was 32 pages and featured a charcoal
sketch of Congressman Joseph Gurney Cannon on the cover. It was the United
States’ first modern newsmagazine. The worldwide Time Magazine was conceived
by Henry Luce and Briton Hadden in 1922. [see Mar 3]
(AP, 3/2/98)(HC, Internet, 2/3/98)(WSJ, 1/11/00, p.B1)
1923 Mar 2, In Italy, Mussolini admitted that women have a right
to vote, but declares that the time was not right.
(HN, 3/2/99)
1923 Mar 3, The first issue of Time magazine was published. It’s
editor, Henry R. Luce, was just out of Yale. [see Mar 2]
(HN, 3/3/01)
1923 Mar 3, US Senate rejected membership in International Court
of Justice, The Hague.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1923 Mar 4, Lenin's last article in Pravda (about Red bureaucracy)
was published.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1923 Mar 5, Montana and Nevada passed the US's first old age pension
grants, giving $25 per month.
(HN, 3/5/98)
1923 Mar 6, The Turkish National Assembly rejected the Lausanne
Treaty in Angora.
(HN, 3/6/98)
1923 Mar 8, Cyd Charisse, dancer, actress, was born.
(HN, 3/8/01)
1923 Mar 8, John McPhee, writer (Oranges, A Sense of Where You
Are), was born.
(HN, 3/8/01)
1923 Mar 10, Kenneth "Jethro" Burns, country singer (Homer &
Jethro), was born.
(MC, 3/10/02)
1923 Mar 13, Lee de Forest demonstrated his sound-on-film moving
pictures in NYC.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1923 Mar 14, Diane Arbus [Nemerov] (d.1971), photographer, innovator
(Vogue and Harper's Bazaar), was born in NYC. In 1984 Patricia Bosworth
authored: "Diane Arbus: A Biography."
(MC, 3/14/02)(Internet)
1923 Mar 14, President Harding became the first chief executive
to file an income tax report.
(AP, 3/14/97)
1923 Mar 14, German Supreme Court prohibited the NSDAP (Nazi
Party).
(MC, 3/14/02)
1923 Mar 15, An ambassador's conference set the demarcation
line between Lithuania and Poland as a national border, which Lithuania
did not recognize.
(LHC, 3/15/03)
1923 Mar 15, Lenin was felled by his 3rd stroke.
(MC, 3/15/02)
1923 Mar 20, Bavarian minister of Interior refused to forbid Nazi
SA.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1923 Mar 22, Marcel Marceau, French mime, was born. "I do not
get my ideas from people on the street. If you look at faces on the street,
what do you see? Nothing. Just boredom." He devised over 100 pantomimes,
including The Creation of the World.
(HN, 3/22/97)(AP, 3/22/99)
1923 Mar 23, Frank Silver and Irving Conn released "Yes, We Have
No Bananas."
(SS, 3/23/02)
1923 Mar 24, Edna Jo Hunter, expert on military families and prisoners
of war, was born.
(MC, 3/24/02)
1923 Mar 26, Bob Elliot, radio comedian, one half of Bob and Ray,
was born.
(HN, 3/26/01)
1923 Mar 26, Sarah Bernhardt [Henriette-Rosine Bernard], actress
(Qn Elizabeth), died at 77.
(SS, 3/26/02)
1923 Mar 27, Louis Simpson, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, was born.
(HN, 3/27/01)
1923 Mar 31, The first U.S. dance marathon, held in New York City,
ended with Alma Cummings setting a world record of 27 hours on her feet.
(AP, 3/31/98)
1923 Mar 31, French soldiers fired on workers at Krupp factory
in Essen; 13 died.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1923 Apr 5, Michael V. Gazzo, actor (Cookie, Fear City), was born
in Hillside, NJ.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, Firestone Co. put their inflatable tires into production.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert (56), Egyptologist,
died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, Nguyen Van Thieu, president of South Vietnam (1965-75),
selected this date as his birth date on the grounds that it was luckier
than his Nov 1924 birthday.
(HN, 5/5/97)(SFC, 10/1/01, p.B2)(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 7, The Workers Party of America in NYC became an official
communist party.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1923 Apr 7, The 1st brain tumor operation under local anesthetic
was performed at Beth Israel Hospital in NYC by Dr K. Winfield Ney.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1923 Apr 8, Franco Corelli, tenor, was born in Anconia, Italy.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1923 Apr 8, Death toll from plague reached 1,000 in India.
(HN, 4/8/98)
1923 Apr 10, Hitler demanded "hatred and more hatred" in Berlin.
(MC, 4/10/02)
1923 Apr 12, Maria Callas (d.1977), opera singer (Norma, Traviata,
Medea, Lucia, Tosca), was born. [see Dec 2]
(WSJ, 11/9/95, p.A-20)(WUD, 1994, p.211)(MC, 4/12/02)
1923 Apr 12, Ann Miller, [Lucille Ann Collier], dancer (On the
Town), was born in Cherino, Tex.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1923 Apr 15, The first sound films shown to a paying audience
are exhibited at the Rialto Theater in New York City.
(HN, 4/15/01)
1923 Apr 15, Insulin became generally available for diabetics.
(HN, 4/15/98)
1923 Apr 17, Harry Reasoner, American broadcast journalist, was
born in Dakota City, Iowa.
(HN, 4/17/98)(MC, 4/17/02)
1923 Apr 18, The first game was played in Yankee Stadium. The
Yankees defeated the Boston Red Sox 4-1. Babe Ruth hit a three-run homer
as the Yankees beat the Red Sox 4-1. The stadium was called the House that
Ruth built.
(AP, 4/18/98)(WSJ, 10/12/99, p.A24)(HN, 4/18/01)
1923 Apr 18, Poland annexed Central Lithuania.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1923 Apr 20, Tito Puente, bandleader, was born.
(HN, 4/20/98)
1923 Apr 21, John Mortimor, British barrister and playwright,
was born. He created Rumpole of the Bailey.
(HN, 4/21/99)
1923 Apr 23, Lady Elizabeth (Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, 1900-2002)
married Prince Albert, Duke of York (d.1952) in Westminster Abbey. Albert
was crowned King of England in 1937. [see Apr 26]
(SFC, 8/5/00, p.A12)(WSJ, 8/10/00, p.A16)(SSFC, 3/31/02, p.A3)
1923 Apr 24, Colonel Jacob Schick patented Schick razors.
(MC, 4/24/02)
1923 Apr 25, Anita Bjorak, actress (Miss Julie, Loving Couples,
Night People), was born.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1923 Apr 25, Melissa Hayden, ballerina (1961 Silver Bowl), was
born in Toronto, Canada.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1923 Apr 25, Albert King, blues singer/guitar (Bad Look Blues),
was born in Mississippi.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1923 Apr 26, English prince Albert (George VI) married lady Elizabeth
Bowes-Lyon. [see Apr 23]
(MC, 4/26/02)
1923 May 1, Joseph Heller (d.1999), American author, was born
in Bkln, NY. His work included the novel "Catch 22."
(HN, 5/1/99)(SFC, 12/14/99, p.A10)(MC, 5/1/02)
1923 May 2, Lieutenants Okaley Kelly and John Macready took off
from New York for the West Coast on what would become the first successful
nonstop transcontinental flight.
(HN, 5/2/02)
1923 May 3, The 1st non-stop flight across the US was made. Army
lieutenants Kelly and Macready flew from New York to San Diego.
(HFA, '96, p.30)(HN, 4/6/98)
1923 May 4, In Vienna, Austria, bloody street battles took place
between Nazis, socialists and police.
(MC, 5/4/02)
1923 May 15, Richard Avedon, photographer, was born.
(HN, 5/15/01)
1923 May 25, John Weitz, spy, author, fashion designer (Friends
in High Places), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1923 May 25, Britain recognized Transjordan with Abdullah as
its leader.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1923 May 26, James Arness, actor (Gunsmoke), was born in Minneapolis,
MN.
(HN, 5/26/01)(MC, 5/26/02)
1923 May 27, Henry Kissinger, US Secretary of State (1973-77),
was born. He became Sec. of State in the Nixon administration, and won
the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the Vietnam War.
(HN, 5/27/99)(MC, 5/27/02)
1923 May 28, US Attorney General said it is legal for women to
wear trousers anywhere.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1923 May 28, US unemployment was nearly ended.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1923 May 29, Adolf Oberländer German painter, died.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1923 May 30, Howard Hanson's 1st Symphony "Nordic," premiered.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1923 Jun 3, In Italy, dictator Benito Mussolini granted women
the right to vote.
(HN, 6/3/98)
1923 Jun 9, Brinks unveiled its 1st armored security vans.
(MC, 6/9/02)
1923 Jun 9, Bulgaria’s government was overthrown by the military.
(HN 6/9/98)
1923 Jun 12, Harry Houdini freed himself from a straight jacket
while suspended upside down, 40 feet (12 m) above ground in NYC.
(MC, 6/12/02)
1923 Jun 13, The French set a trade barrier between the occupied
Ruhr and the rest of Germany.
(HN, 6/13/98)
1923 Jun 15, Dashiell Hammett published his story "The Vicious
Circle" in the Black Mask pulp magazine under the pseudonym Peter Collinson.
(SFCM, 4/15/01, p.4)
1923 Jun 16, Sun Yat Sen founded a military academy.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1923 Jun 19, "Moon Mullins", Comic Strip, made its debut.
(DTnet, 6/19/97)
1923 Jun 20, Pres. Harding set out on a 7,500-mile "Voyage of
Understanding" through the northwest. The 57-year-old Harding, who suffered
from heart disease, was so shaken by breaking reports of corruption in
his administration that he went on a cross-country speaking tour to strengthen
his position.
(SFC, 8/1/98, p.A19)(HN, 8/2/98)
1923 Jun 20, France announced it would seize the Rhineland to
assist Germany in paying her war debts.
(HN, 6/20/98)
1923 Jun 21, Marcus Garvey was sentenced to 5 years for using
mail to defraud.
(MC, 6/21/02)
1923 Jun 23, Air mail service between SF and NYC was boosted with
50 new Douglas airplanes.
(SFC, 6/22/01, WBb p.8)
1923 Jun 24, Pope Pius XI spoke against allies occupying Ruhrgebied.
(MC, 6/24/02)
1923 Jun 27, Paul F. Conrad, cartoonist (Pulitzer 1964, 71, 84),
was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1923 Jun 27, Yugoslav Premier Nikola Pachitch was wounded by
Serb attackers in Belgrade.
(HN, 6/27/98)
1923 Jul 4, Jack Dempsey beat Tommy Gibbon in 15 for the heavyweight
boxing title.
(Maggio, 98)
1923 Jul 10, Jean Kerr (d.2003), playwright and author, was born
in Scranton, Pa. Her later books included "Please Don’t Eat the Daisies."
(SFC, 1/7/03, p.A22)
1923 Jul 15, President Warren G. Harding (d.Aug 2, 1923) tapped
the golden spike of the $60 million Alaskan Railway at Nenana.
(SSFC, 2/3/02, p.C9)
1923 Jul 17, James Purdy, writer (Cabot Wright Begins), was born.
(HN, 7/17/01)
1923 Jul 22, Robert Dole, U.S. Senator from Kansas (1969-95),
was born. In 1996 he was a Republican candidate for president of the United
States.
(HN, 7/22/98)
1923 Jul 24, The Treaty of Lausanne, which settled the boundaries
of modern Turkey, was concluded in Switzerland. It replaced the Treaty
of Sevres and divided the lands inhabited by the Kurds between Turkey,
Iraq and Syria.
(AP, 7/24/97)(SSFC, 12/22/02, p.A14)
1923 Jul 27, Pres. Harding suffered an attack of food poisoning.
His unskilled physician, with the support of Mrs. Harding, treated the
president with large doses of purgatives, which worsened his heart condition.
(HN, 8/2/98)
1923 Jul, Officially sanctioned chuck wagon racing started at
the Calgary Stampede in Canada.
(SFEC, 6/25/00, p.T11)
1923 Aug 2, Following a return trip form Alaska the 29th president
of the United States, Warren G. Harding (57), died in San Francisco at
the Palace Hotel of a "stroke of apoplexy." Not considered to have been
a particularly intelligent man, Harding owed his rise to political power
to the driving ambition of his wife, Florence Kling Harding. As president,
the Ohio native was troubled by scandals caused by his weakness for pretty
women and a tendency to place unscrupulous friends—called "The Ohio Gang"—in
positions of power. Graft, corruption and other scandals that led to the
suicides of two high Federal officials had begun to taint the Harding Administration
when the president suddenly died of a heart attack, just before the Teapot
Dome Scandal broke, the largest scandal of his administration. In 1998
Carl Sferrazza Anthony published "Florence Harding: The First Lady, The
Jazz Age and the Death of America’s Most Scandalous President." Vice President
Calvin Coolidge became president upon the death of Warren G. Harding.
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)(AP, 8/2/97)(SFEC, 3/1/98, p.W27)(SFC, 8/1/98,
p.A15,19)(HN, 8/2/98)(HN, 8/2/98)(HNQ, 12/7/98)
1923 Aug 2, Vice President Calvin Coolidge went to bed at 9 p.m.
at his father’s home in Plymouth, Vermont, where he was enjoying a short
vacation. It took several hours for the news of President Warren G. Harding’s
death in California to reach the small town, but by 2 a.m., Coolidge was
told that Harding was dead. Traditionally, the president is sworn in by
the chief justice of the Supreme Court—but he slept 500 miles away. At
2:30 a.m. on August 3, 1923, Coolidge’s father, a notary public, administered
the oath of office to his son by the light of a kerosene lamp.
(HNPD, 8/3/98)
1923 Aug 3, Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as the 30th president
of the United States, following the death of Warren G. Harding.
(AP, 8/3/97)
1923 Aug 5, Richard G. Kleindienst, one of the key officials who
helped elect Richard Nixon to the presidency in 1969, was born.
(HN, 8/5/98)
1923 Aug 17, Larry Rivers (d.2002), painter and sculptor, was
born in Bronx, NY, as Yitzroch Grossberg.
(HN, 8/17/00)(SC, 8/12/02)(NW, 8/26/02, p.9)
1923 Aug 18, Jimmy Witherspoon, blues singer, was born.
(HN, 8/18/00)
1923 Aug 29, Richard Attenborough, actor, director (Gandhi,
Young Winston), was born in England.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1923 Aug 31, Mussolini's troops occupied Korfu.
(MC, 8/31/01)
1923 Sep 1, Rocky Marciano, world heavyweight boxing champion
(1952-56), was born. He began boxing at the relatively advanced age of
24, but rose to the heavyweight title in 1952 with a perfect record. He
retained his crown for 7 years, winning all six of his title defense prizefights,
then retired undefeated in 1959.
(HN, 9/1/99)(MC, 9/1/02)(SC, 9/1/02)
1923 Sep 1, The Japanese cities of Tokyo and Yokohama were devastated
by the Great Kanto earthquake that claimed 150,000 [300,000] lives. The
7.9-8.3 quake off Tokyo's shoreline killed some 99,300 people.
(Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 215)(AP, 9/1/97)(HN, 9/1/99)(SFC, 10/16/99,
p.C1)(SFEC, 11/7/99, p.A22)
1923 Sep 3, Mort Walker, cartoonist (Beetle Bailey, Hi & Lois),
was born.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1923 Sep 4, Noel Coward's revue "London Calling," premiered in
London.
(MC, 9/4/01)
1923 Sep 5, Arthur C Nielsen, market researcher (TV's Nielsen's
Ratings), was born.
(MC, 9/5/01)
1923 Sep 7, Interpol formed in Vienna.
(MC, 9/7/01)
1923 Sep 8, Seven of the 15 ships of Destroyer Squadron 11 were
wrecked on a rocky point on the California Santa Barbara County coast.
23 sailors were killed.
(SFC, 9/9/98, p.D2)
1923 Sep 10, The Irish Free state joined the League of Nations.
(MC, 9/10/01)
1923 Sep 10, In response to a dispute with Yugoslavia, Mussolini
mobilized Italian troops on Serb front.
(HN, 9/10/98)
1923 Sep 11, ZR-1 (biggest active dirigible) flew over NY's tallest
skyscraper, Woolworth Tower.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1923 Sep 15, Gov. Walton of Oklahoma declared a state of siege
because of KKK terror.
(MC, 9/15/01)
1923 Sep 17, Hank Williams, Sr., singer, songwriter and guitarist
known for "Lonesome Blues" and "Your Cheatin’ Heart," was born.
(HN, 9/17/98)
1923 Sep 17, In Berkeley, Ca., a fire began in the Wildcat Canyon
and in 2 hours engulfed 584 structures. 50 blocks were engulfed and over
6,000 people were left homeless.
(SFC, 9/17/98, p.A20)(SFC, 10/16/99, p.C1)
1923 Sep 22, Marquess of Ripon, game hunter, died, after shooting
his 52nd grouse.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1923 Sep 28, William Windom, actor (Farmer's Daughter, Murder
She Wrote), was born in NYC.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1923 Oct 4, Charlton Heston III, American actor, was born. His
films included "10 Commandments," "Ben Hur" and "Planet of Apes."
(HN, 10/4/98)(MC, 10/4/01)
1923 Oct 5, Philip Berrigan, militant priest (Chicago 7), was
born.
(MC, 10/5/01)
1923 Oct 13, Angora (Ankara) became Turkey's capital.
(MC, 10/13/01)
1923 Oct 15, Italo Calvino (d.1985), Italian novelist (Winter's
Night a Traveler), was born in Cuba.
(HN, 10/15/00)(MC, 10/15/01)(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.M4)
1923 Oct 16, The Disney Company was founded.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1923 Oct 16, John Harwood patented a self-winding watch in Switzerland.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1923 Oct 20, Herschel Bernardi, actor (Arnie, Voice of Charlie
the Tuna, Front), was born.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1923 Oct 20, Philip Whalen (d.2002), Zen Buddhist priest and
SF Beat poet, was born in Portland.
(SFC, 6/27/02, p.A19)
1923 Oct 24, Denise Levertov, English poet, was born.
(HN, 10/24/00)
1923 Oct 25, The Teapot Dome scandal came to public attention
as Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana, subcommittee chairman, revealed
the findings of the past 18 months of investigation. His case would result
in the conviction of Harry F. Sinclair of Mammoth Oil, and later Secretary
of the Interior Albert B. Fall, the first cabinet member in American history
to go to jail. The scandal, named for the Teapot Dome oil reserves in Wyoming,
involved Fall secretly leasing naval oil reserve lands to private companies.
The administration of President Warren G. Harding was rocked by the Elk
Hills Scandal-also known as the Teapot Dome Scandal or Oil Reserves Scandal.
In 1921 and 1922 Harding’s secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall secretly
granted Mammoth Oil exclusive rights to California’s Teapot Dome oil reserves
and portions of the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves to American
Petroleum, in exchange for some $300,000. Supervision of the oil reserves
had been transferred from the Navy to the Department of the Interior in
1921. Fall was imprisoned for accepting a bribe in the Elk Hills case and
the Supreme court ruled Harding’s transfer illegal.
(HN, 10/25/98)(HNQ, 4/19/99)
1923 Oct 27, Roy Lichtenstein (d.1997), ‘pop art’ painter, was
born.
(SFC, 9/30/97, p.A7)(HN, 10/27/00)
1923 Oct 29, "Runnin' Wild," which introduced the Charleston dance,
opened on Broadway.
(MC, 10/29/01)
1923 Oct 29, The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed under Mustafa
Kemal Ataturk. Turkey established secular government under Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk. He introduced the policy known as Kemalism, which bars any mixing
of religious and public life. The country was predominantly Sunni Muslim.
(WSJ, 12/27/95, p. A-6)(SFC, 5/20/96, p.A-9)(WSJ, 8/27/96, p.A10)(HFA,
'96, p.40)(AP, 10/29/97)
1923 Nov 1, Victoria de Los Angeles, Spanish opera soprano, was
born.
(HN, 11/1/00)
1923 Nov 1, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company bought the rights
to manufacture Zeppelin dirigibles.
(HN, 11/1/98)
1923 Nov 2, US Navy aviator, H.J. Brown, set new world speed record
of 259 mph in a Curtiss racer.
(HN, 11/2/98)
1923 Nov 2, Bloody street fights took place in Aachen. The pro-French
separatists were driven out.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1923 Nov 4, Alfred Heineken, beer brewer, was born.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1923 Nov 6, Col. Jacob Schick patented the 1st electric shaver.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1923 Nov 6, European inflation soared and one loaf of bread in
Berlin was reported to be worth about 140 Billion German Marks. Germany
suffered a terrible economic inflation. Hyperinflation eventually made
4.2 trillion marks worth $1.
(MT, Fall ‘96, p.7)(HN, 11/6/98)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R42)
1923 Nov 8, Adolf Schicklgruber (Hitler) launched his first
attempt to seize power with a failed coup in Munich, Germany, that came
to be known as the Beer-Hall Putsch. He proclaimed himself chancellor and
Ludendorff dictator. After the unsuccessful beerhall putsch, he wound up
in jail writing "Mein Kampf." Mein Kampf, was sub-titled Four-and-Half
Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice. The Nazi dictator
wrote much of Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison in 1923 and 1924
for attempting to overthrow the German government. The work became the
bible of the Nazi Party and a blueprint for the Third Reich.
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)(AP, 11/8/97)(HN, 11/6/98)(HNQ, 5/5/99)
1923 Nov 9, Dorothy Dandridge, actress, singer and dancer (Porgy
and Bess), was born in Cleveland, Oh.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1923 Nov 9, James Schuyler, poet, novelist and playwright, was
born.
(HN, 11/9/00)
1923 Nov 11, Eternal flame was lit for the tomb of unknown solder
at the Arc de Triomphe, Paris.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1923 Nov 12, Adolf Hitler was arrested for his Nov 8 attempted
German coup.
(HN, 11/12/98)(MC, 11/12/01)
1923 Nov 18, Alan Shepard, the first American astronaut in space,
was born in East Derry, NH.
(HN, 11/18/98)(MC, 11/18/01)
1923 Nov 19, Oklahoma Governor Walton was ousted by state senate
for anti-Ku Klux Klan measures.
(HN, 11/19/98)
1923 Nov 20, Nadine Gordimer, Nobel Prize-winning South African
novelist, was born.
(HN, 11/20/00)
1923 Nov 20, Garrett Morgan invented and patented a traffic signal.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1923 Nov 22, Pres. Coolidge pardoned WW I German spy Lothar Witzke,
who was sentenced to death.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1923 Nov 23, German army commander Gen. Von Seeckt banned the
NSDAP & KPD.
(MC, 11/23/01)
1923 Nov 25, Transatlantic broadcasting from England to America
for the first time.
(HN, 11/25/98)
1923 Nov 29, International commission headed by American banker
Charles Dawes was set up to investigate the German economy.
(HN, 11/29/98)
1923 Dec 2, Maria M. Callas, soprano (Carmen), was born in NYC.
[see Apr 12]
(MC, 12/2/01)
1923 Dec 4, Cecil B. DeMille's 1st version of "Ten Commandments"
premiered.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1923 Dec 6, A presidential address was broadcast on radio for
the first time as President Coolidge spoke to a joint session of Congress.
(AP, 12/6/97)
1923 Dec 13, Phillip Anderson, physicist, was born.
(HN, 12/13/00)
1923 Dec 21, Nepal changed from British protectorate to independent
nation.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1923 Dec 28, George Bernard Shaw's "St. Joan," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/28/01)
1923 Dec 28, Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel (91), engineer (Eiffel
Tower, Statue of Liberty), died.
(MC, 12/28/01)
1923 Dec 31, BBC began using the Big Ben chime ID.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1923 Dec 31, The Sahara was crossed by an automobile for the
first time.
(HN, 12/31/98)
1923 Peter Joachim Frohlich was born in Germany. He emigrated
to the US in 1941 under the name Peter Jack Gay. He later published "The
Enlightenment: An Interpretation" in 2 volumes (1966-1969) and the 5-volume
"The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud." In 1998 he published the
memoir "My German Question: Growing Up in Nazi Berlin."
(SFEC, 11/1/98, BR p.4)
1923 Poet James Shuyler was born in Chicago. In 1998 David Lehman
published "The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets."
(WSJ, 9/18/98, p.W8)
1923 Dr. Barnes set up an exhibit of his collection of paintings
in Philadelphia to introduce the foundation that would house the art and
promulgate his theories of art. Critics ridiculed the paintings and Barnes
closed the foundation to everyone. It was not opened again until 1960.
[see 1872-1951, Barnes]
(Civil., Jul-Aug., ‘95, p.84)
1923 Wassily Kandinsky (d.1944), Russian artist credited with
the invention of abstract art, created his watercolor "Aquarelle Movementee."
It sold in 1999 for $1.3 million.
(WSJ, 8/13/99, p.W10)
1923 Henri Matisse painted "The Hindu Pose," where a topless woman
posed cross-legged in the artist’s Cote d’Azur apartment. The painting
sold for $14.8 mil on 5/8/95.
(WSJ, 5/9/95, p.B-6)
1923 Picasso painted the portrait "Olga Picasso," the Russian
ballerina, who was his first wife.
(WSJ, 5/18/01, p.W8)
1923 Max Ernst created his Surrealist work "Men Shall Know Nothing
of This," a floating conjunction of human nether parts.
(WSJ, 2/25/02, p.A17)
1923 Florine Stettheimer painted "Portrait of Myself."
(WSJ, 7/18/95, p.A-12)
1923 Picasso painted "Olga," a stunning pastel of his wife in
a nice blue dress.
(WSJ, 4/26/96, p.A-13)
1923 Henry Ossawa Tanner, African-American artist, painted "Two
Disciples at the Tomb."
(WSJ, 8/8/00, p.A20)
1923 Photographers Edward Weston and Tina Modotti set up shop
in Mexico.
(WSJ, 3/12/97, p.A16)
1923 Elmer Rice wrote his play "The Adding Machine."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1923 Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), Argentine poet, published
his first book of verse: "Fervor de Buenos Aires."
(SFEC, 4/18/99, BR p.3)
1923 W.B. Yeats wrote his poem "Leda and the Swan."
(SFEC, 10/31/99, BR p.7)
1923 Marianne Moore (b.1887), American poet, wrote the poem "Marriage."
In 1998 her the book: "The Selected letters of Marianne Moore" was edited
by Bonnie Costello, Celeste Goodridge and Cristanne Miller.
(WSJ, 1/8/98, p.A7)
1923 Ezra Pound wrote his poem: "The pure products of America
go crazy."
(SFC, 6/3/96, BR p.6)
1923 Edwin Lefevre authored "Reminiscences of a Stock Operator."
It was fictional account based on interviews with real-life trader Jesse
Livermore.
(USAT, 7/16/03, p.2B)
1923 J.B.S. Haldane wrote "Daedalus, or Science and the Future."
(NH, 4/97, p.6)
1923 Felix Salten a Viennese Jew, wrote his antifascist allegory
"Bambi, A Life in the Woods." It was translated into English by Whittaker
Chambers (28) and published by Simon & Schuster in 1928.
(WSJ, 10/14/97, p.A22)
1923 P.G. Wodehouse (1881-1975) authored "Leave It to Psmith."
(NW, 8/20/01, p.56)
1923 Charlotte Siepmann (d.1999 at 88) and C.K. Ogden authored
"Meaning of Meaning," an early formulation of the linguistic system that
became known as Basic English.
(SFC, 10/9/99, p.A20)
1923 Louis Armstrong recorded with the King Oliver’s Creole Jazz
Band: "King Oliver and His Creole Jazz Band."
(WSJ, 1/3/95, p. 8)(SFC, 7/4/97, p.D9)
1923 Bessie Smith recorded her big hit "Downhearted Blues."
(SFEC, 3/15/98, DB p.39)
1923 George Antheil used synchronized piano rolls for his "Ballet
Mechanique." The piece was scored for 10 pianos and an airplane propeller.
He later used the principle of spreading a signal over many frequencies
in a 1942 patent that later became the basis for spread spectrum technology
used in modern wireless communications.
(WSJ, 2/21/97, p.B15B)(WSJ, 4/23/98, p.A16)
1923 Alban Berg composed his opera "Wozzeck." [see 1926 premiere]
It was based on a 1836 play by Georg Buchner and featured the rhythmic
speechsong called Sprechstimme. Berg's opera was composed in 1925.
(WSJ, 2/19/97, p.A15)(SFC, 11/4/99, p.B1)
1923 Manuel de Falla composed "Master Peter’s Puppet Show," (El
Retablo de Maese Pedro). It was intended as a puppet theater forged with
the poet, Federico Garcia Lorca.
(SFC, 8/25/97, p.E1)
1923 Darius Milhaud premiered "La Creation de Monde" (the Creation
of the World) with 19 members of the Orchestre du Theatre du Champs-Elyssees.
Fernand Leger designed the décor and costumes. The jazz age ballet
was created by Milhaud, Blaise Cendrars and Jean Borlin.
(SFEM, 6/9/96, p.32)(SSFC, 1/7/01, p.T8)
1923 The Freer Gallery in Washington was established as the nation’s
national museum of Asian art. The center of the collection was amassed
by Charles Lang Freer.
(WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A20)(WSJ, 11/6/98, p.W10)
1923 The Clements Library opened in Ann Arbor. Its first director
was Randolph G. Adams. The library was designed by Albert Kahn and was
paid for by William L. Clements to house his extensive book collection.
The Univ. of Mich. agreed to pay for its maintenance, staff salaries and
fund acquisitions. It acquired about this time the collection of Henry
Vignaud, US Consul in Paris, who had amassed a 50,000 piece collection
of historic explorations and discoveries.
(MT, Sum. ‘98, p.8)
1923 The 450-foot-long, 45-foot-tall "Hollywood" sign was erected
on Mount Lee as a promotion for the Hollywoodland subdivision in Beachwood
Canyon, Ca. In 1949 the "land" was dropped and the sign was declared a
historical monument in 1973 and restored in 1978.
(SFC, 11/13/96, p.E5)
1923 Yankee stadium was built in the Bronx of NYC.
(SFC, 5/26/96, T-8)
1923 The first suburban shopping center opened, the Country Club
Plaza, in Kansas City, Mo. It was built in the architectural style of Seville,
Spain.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(WSJ, 11/13/96, p.B1)
1923 The Ojai Valley golf course was constructed.
(SFEC, 10/13/96, p.T3)
1923 Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson of Los Angeles organized
the Int’l. Church of the Foursquare Gospel.
(SFC, 3/30/97, Z1. p.7)
1923 Irving Fisher, economist, established the Number Institute,
a company that would develop and sell index numbers for measuring price
levels and other economic data.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R20)
1923 Harry MacElhone (d.1958) bought a bar in Paris at 5 rue Dannou
behind the opera and named it Harry’s New York Bar. It later became a hangout
for the "Lost Generation." His son, Andrew, (1923-1996) took over 1958.
Andrew’s son Duncan (d.1998 at 44) took over in 1989. Cocktails such as
the French 75 (named after a WW I artillery piece), the Bloody Mary and
the Side Car were invented there.
(SFC, 9/20/96, p.A22)(SFC, 3/28/98, p.B12)
1923 Emile Coue taught everyone to say "Every day in every way
I’m getting better and better."
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)
1923 William Butler Yeats, Irish poet, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature.
(SFEC, 8/8/99, p.T6)
1923 The New York Yankees defeated the New York Giants in the
World Series 4 games to 2.
(SFC, 10/16/99, p.C1)
1923 The Lausanne Treaty provided for the exchange of populations
between Greece and Turkey, and Crete was populated only by Greeks.
(WSJ, 3/20/97, p.A17)
1923 Silent Cal Coolidge took over and the country pursued its
prosperous, merry ways: rocking to the Charleston, playing mah-jongg, reading
Mencken, staggering through dance marathons, making bathtub gin, getting
tangled in a new-fangled thing called Cellophane.
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)
1923 The US Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution protects
the right to "bring up children."
(SFEC, 7/27/97, Z1 p.6)
1923 The 682-foot Shenandoah was built by the U.S. Navy. Two years
later the dirigible broke apart in mid-air, killing 14 persons aboard.
The Los Angeles was built for the Navy in Germany and delivered in 1924.
The Akron was commissioned in 1931 and was, at the time, the world’s largest
airship at 785 feet. During a thunderstorm in 1933, the Akron was destroyed,
killing 73 of the 77 persons aboard.
(HNQ, 1/2/00)
1923 Special Indian Commissioner H.J. Hagerman organized the first
Navajo Tribal Council which gave him power to act for them in auctioning
oil leases.
(SFEC, 5/4/97, z1 p.4)
1923 Florida took delivery of its first and only electric chair
to execute convicts.
(SFEC, 3/22/98, p.A26)
1923 Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, film comedian, was acquitted after
3 trials of the 1921 murder of actress Virginia Rappe.
(SFC, 5/6/03, p.A17)
1922 Earle C. Anthony, a Los Angeles Packard dealer, commissioned
from France the 1st neon signs in the US for his dealership.
(SFEC, 8/13/00, p.T6)
1923 The American Cotton Oil Company sold the cotton-seed oil
business and formed Gold Dust Corp., a soap maker.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-45)
1923 Caleb Bradham sold the Pepsi-Cola trademark and business
for $35,000. He was forced into bankruptcy after sugar prices plummeted
from 22 ˝ cents a pound to 3 ˝ cents.
(SFC, 2/18/98, p.B2)
1923 Alfred P. Sloan Jr. (1875-1966) became president of a troubled
GM and brought in corporate management. He introduced the ideas of model
changes and offering a car "for every purse and purpose."
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R42)
1923 The Warner Brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack, incorporated
and produced their film "The Gold Diggers."
(SFC, 7/8/98, p.D4)
1923 Wells Fargo merged with Union Trust Company and stayed solvent
through the depression.
(SFC, 6/9/98, p.A10)
1923 The Alaska Railroad was completed and opened Denali National
Park to the public.
(SFEC, 2/9/97, p.T6)
1923 The Army proved a point when Lieutenants Kelly and Macready
flew the first non-stop continental flight from New York to San Diego.
(HN, 3/17/98)
1923 Edwin Hubble used the 100-inch telescope at Mt. Wilson to
establish that the Milky Way is only one of many galaxies in the universe.
He was able to resolve individual stars of the Andromeda galaxy.
(JST-TMC,1983, p.8)(NH, 11/96, p.78)
1923 Arthur Compton, American physicist, discovered the Compton
effect where a high energy quantum will eject an electron from an atom
and rebound with less energy (a higher wavelength).
(SCTS, p.49)
1923 Dr. Vladimir Zworykin invented the iconoscope, a necessary
component of television.
(SFC, 12/28/99, p.C4)
1923 Diphtheria was reported to have been transmitted by an accidental
needle stick.
(SFC, 4/13/98, p.A6)
1923 A group of scientists successfully petitioned the governor
of the Panama Canal Zone to set aside Barro Colorado Island for scientific
research. It became one of the first protected tropical forests in the
world. In 1946 The Smithsonian was designated as its manager.
(Smith., 5/95, p.10)
1923 Andre Malraux, while doing archeological research in Cambodia,
was arrested for dislodging 7 heads from a temple with a handsaw, a chisel
and crowbar.
(WSJ, 7/3/97, p.A9)
1923 J. Harlen Bretz, American geologist, discovered that the
strange geology the Scablands in Eastern Washington state were a result
of huge floods. He was unable to identify the source of the flooding. "Fully
3,000 sq. miles of the Columbia Plateau were swept by a glacial flood."
(Smith., 4/1995, p.51-52)
1923 Violence exploded in a north Florida black community of 120
people as a white mob tried to string up a black man for information on
an alleged rape. At least 6 black and 2 white died and almost every building
was burned. Nine survivors won a $2 million settlement in 1995.
(SFC, 9/24/97, p.C2)
1923 Roy Chapman Andrews made his Gobi Desert expedition and discovered
the Ukhaa Tolgod basin of Mongolia with fossils from the late Cretaceous,
i.e. 80 Million ago.
(THM, 4/27/97, p.L4)
1923 Albania's Sunni Muslims broke ties with Constantinople
and pledged primary allegiance to native country.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1923 In Egypt Arab feminists returned from a women’s conference
in Rome and dumped their head coverings at the Cairo train station. A whole
generation was inspired to follow suit.
(WSJ, 5/1/97, p.A1)
1923 In Germany the Berlin Tempelhof Airport was opened. Its 3-story
brick terminal was completed in 1929 and is considered the first modern
airport terminal.
(Hem., 5/97, p.68)
1923 Iraq's Department of Antiquities was established.
(SSFC, 5/18/03, p.D3)
1923 In Mexico Francisco Villa (aka Pancho Villa, b.1877), general
and revolutionist, died in an ambush. In c1999 Friedrich Katz of the Univ.
of Chicago published "The Life and Times of Pancho Villa." In 2001 Frank
McLynn authored "Villa and Zapata."
(WUD, 1994, p.1593)(WSJ, 8/13/97, p.A12)(SFC, 5/5/99, p.A2)(WSJ,
8/21/01, p.A14)
1923 In Russia Tamara Geva (d.1991), ballet dancer, married George
Balanchine, ballet choreographer. The couple left the Soviet Union in 1924
with the Soviet State Dancers.
(SFC,12/13/97, p.A23)
1923 In Saudi Arabia King Fahd was born in Riyadh.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.A20)(NW, 11/26/01, p.SAS)
1923 In Thailand the Bangkok Snake Farm was established to help
Thais co-exist with native poisonous snakes. Venom was harvested to produce
antivenin. It is the 2nd oldest such farm in the world. An older one was
in Brazil.
(SFEC, 3/15/98, p.T5)
1923-1924 Frances and Robert Flaherty, who made the documentary "Nanook
of the North," settled in Samoa to make the silent-film classic "Moana:
A Romance of the Golden Age."
Samoa
(WSJ, 7/3/96, p.A8)
1923-1925 Mina Loy wrote her autobiographical work: "Anglo-Mongrels
and the Rose."
(SFEC, 12/22/96, BR p.6)
1923-1925 George Antheil composed his "Jazz Symphony."
(WSJ, 6/16/98, p.A17)
1923-1928 Gilbert Murray (b.1866), Australian born scholar served as
the chairman of the League of Nations.
(HN, 1/2/99)
1923-1929 Calvin Coolidge became the 30th President of the US. He was
elected Vice-President under Harding in 1921, and assumed the presidency
upon Harding’s sudden death.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b, photo, 153)
1923-1963 Arthur "Pop" Harris worked the numbers to compile the Dow
Jones averages every hour on the hour over this time.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-26)