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1986  Jan 6, Impala Platinum fired 20,000 black mine workers in Johannesburg.
 (MC, 1/6/02)

1986  Jan 7, US president Reagan proclaimed economic sanctions against Libya.
 (MC, 1/7/02)

1986  Jan 12, Space shuttle Columbia blasted off with a crew that included the first Hispanic-American in space, Dr. Franklin R. Chang-Diaz.
 (AP, 1/12/98)

1986  Jan 14, Donna Reed (64), actress (Donna Reed Show, Dallas), died of cancer.
 (MC, 1/14/02)

1986  Jan 20, The United States observed the first federal holiday in honor of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
 (AP, 1/20/98)
1986  Jan 20, Britain and France announced plans to build the Channel Tunnel.
 (AP, 1/20/98)

1986  Jan 21, 100 participated in the Nude Olympics race in 38F (3C) in Indiana.
 (MC, 1/21/02)

1986  Jan 23, U.S. began maneuvers off the Libyan coast.
 (HN, 1/23/99)

1986  Jan 24, The Voyager 2 space probe swept past Uranus, coming within 50,679 miles of the seventh planet of the solar system.
 (AP, 1/24/98)
1986  Jan 24, LaFayette Ronald Hubbard (L. Ron Hubbard, 74), science fiction author (Dyanetics) and founder of Scientology, died.
 (Wired, Dec. '95, p.177)(SFC, 2/12/01, p.A13)(MC, 1/24/02)

1986  Jan 28, Just 73 seconds into its 10th launch, Americans watched in horror as the space shuttle Challenger (STS-51L) exploded in midair, killing its crew of seven--Navy pilot Michael J. Smith, Commander Francis Scobee and mission specialist Ronald McNair, mission specialist Ellison Onizuka, first teacher in space Christa McAuliffe, payload specialist Gregory Jarvis and mission specialist Judith Resnik. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the nation from the Oval Office that afternoon, explaining the tragedy to the nation's schoolchildren: "The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted. It belongs to the brave.... The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them nor the last time we saw them this morning as they prepared for their journey and waved good-bye and 'slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God.'" Space shuttle flights were suspended until 1988. An independent U.S. commission blamed the disaster on unusually cold temperatures that morning and the failure of the O-rings, a set of gaskets in the rocket boosters.
 (SFC, 12/18/96, p.A3)(TMC, 1994, p.1986)(AP, 1/28/98)(HNPD, 1/28/00)

1986  Jan 31, Mary Lund of Minnesota became the 1st female recipient of an artificial heart.
 (MC, 1/31/02)

1986  Jan, Lawrence Walsh, independent council, began his probe into whether money from the sale of weapons to Iraq was illegally diverted to the Nicaraguan Contras. He spent $48.5 million without proving that Reagan knew about the transaction.
 (SFEC, 3/7/99, Z1 p.6)

1986  Jan, Bob Kaufman, Beat poet, died in San Francisco at 60. He was born in New Orleans and had been called the "black American Rimbaud." His work includes "Cranial Guitar." Much of his work was preserved due to the diligence of his wife Eileen. Kaufman took a vow of silence after the assassination of John F. Kennedy and began speaking again after the Vietnam war ended. His last year was spent under the care of his friend Lyn Wildey.
 (SFC, 7/6/96, p.A15)(SFC, 7/20/96, p.A13)(I-witness)

1986  Jan, The National Resistance rebel army of Yoweri Museveni swept into power. He defeated Obote and Tito Okello's mainly northern Acholi forces. Many Acholi soldiers fled to the Sudan and some joined the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).
 (SFC, 3/5/96, p.A9)(SFC, 5/25/98, p.A12)

1986  Feb 1, Two days of anti-government riots in Port-au-Prince resulted in 14 dead.
 (HN, 2/1/99)

1986  Feb 2, Dalai Lama met Pope John Paul II in India.
 (MC, 2/2/02)

1986  Feb 4, The U.S. Post Office issued a commemorative stamp featuring Sojourner Truth.
 (HN, 2/4/99)

1986  Feb 7, US female Figure Skating championship was won by Debi Thomas.
 (MC, 2/7/02)
1986  Feb 7, Haitian President-for-Life Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier was ousted from power and fled his country, ending 28 years of family rule. He fled to France with his wife and mother. Henri Namphy became leader of Haiti. Duvalier and his cronies reportedly embezzled some $500 million during his last decade of rule.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1986)(SFC,12/31/97, p.A17)(AP, 2/7/97)(MC, 2/7/02)(WSJ, 4/16/03, p.A1)
1986  Feb 7, Philippine Corazon Aquino defeated incumbent dictator Ferdinand Marcos but fraudulent returns gave the election to Marcos.
 (MC, 2/7/02)

1986  Feb 8, Brian Boitano won the US male Figure Skating championship.
 (MC, 2/8/02)

1986  Feb 9, Halley's Comet reached 30th perihelion, its closest approach to Sun.
 (MC, 2/9/02)
1986  Feb 9, Tomb of Tutankhamen's treasurer, Maya, was found in Egypt.
 (MC, 2/9/02)

1986  Feb 10, In Darien, Conn., Alex Kelly (18) raped 16-year-old Adrienne Bak Ortolano. Four days later he raped another girl. While preparing for trial after he was arrested and out on bail, Kelly fled the country and eluded charges for 8 years.
 (SFC,12/22/97, p.A3)
1986  Feb 10, The largest Mafia trial in history, with 474 defendants, opened in Palermo, Italy.
 (HN, 2/10/97)

1986  Feb 11, Activist Anatoly Scharansky was released by USSR, and left the country.
 (MC, 2/11/02)
1986  Feb 11, Frank [Patrick] Herbert (65), sci-fi author (Dune), died.
 (MC, 2/11/02)

1986  Feb 15, The largest NBA crowd to date numbered 44,180 with Philadelphia at Detroit.
 (440 Int'l., 2/15/99)
1986  Feb 15, The Philippine Natl. Assembly authorized 6 more years for Ferdinand Marcos.
 (440 Int'l., 2/15/99)

1986  Feb 16, Mario Soares, Socialist, was elected Portugal's 1st civilian president.
 (MC, 2/16/02)

1986  Feb 17, Johnson & Johnson announced it will no longer sell capsule drugs following the Tylenol sabotage.
 (MC, 2/17/02)

1986  Feb 19, The U.S. Senate approved a treaty outlawing genocide, 37 years after the pact had first been submitted for ratification.
 (AP, 2/19/98)
1986  Feb 19, Jordan King Hussein severed ties with the PLO.
 (MC, 2/19/02)
1986  Feb 19, The Soviet Union launched the first component of its Mir space station. Mir meant peace.
 (WSJ, 6/27/97, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/5/98, p.W14)(SFC, 8/26/99, p.A12)
1986  Feb 19, Adolfo Celi (63), actor (Thunderball), died.
 (MC, 2/19/02)

1986  Feb 21, AIDS patient Ryan White returned to classes at Western Middle School.
 (MC, 2/21/02)
1986  Feb 21, Larry Wu-tai Chin, the first American found guilty of spying for China, killed himself in his Virginia jail cell.
 (AP, 2/21/01)

1986  Feb 25, President Ferdinand E. Marcos fled the Philippines after 20 years of rule in the wake of a tainted election. Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency. Pres. Ferdinand Marcos was forced from office after 20 years of rule. He was accused of accumulating billions of dollars during his rule.
 (SFC, 8/23/96, p.A26)(AP, 2/25/98)

1986  Feb 27, The U.S. Senate approved telecasts of its debates on a trial basis.
 (AP, 2/27/98)

1986  Feb 28, Olaf Palme, Swedish Prime Minister (1969-76, 82-86), was shot to death in central Stockholm. In 1996 South African former police officer Eugene de Kock said that Craig Williamson, a South African spy, was involved in the murder. In 1997 lawyer Pelle Svensson said that his client, Lars Tingstrom, wrote a statement on his deathbed in prison in 1993 that he committed the killing. The family was convinced that Christer Pettersson, a drug addict and alcoholic, was the killer. In 1999 Abdullah Ocalan in Turkey suggested that a rival PKK organization killed Olaf Palme.
 (SFC, 9/27/96, p.A12)(SFC, 3/26/97, p.A12)(AP, 2/28/98)(SFEC, 8/23/98, p.A26)(SFC, 6/2/99, p.C2)

1986  Feb, A huge storm hit California. A levee break near the Yuba County town of Linda produced $500 million in damage.
 (SFC, 1/10/97, p.A21)(SFEC, 1/12/97,  p.C1)

1986  Feb, Britain's Lady Thatcher and France's Mitterand signed the Chunnel treaty in Canterbury. It was opened in May, 1994.
 (SFEC, 9/8/96, zone 1 p.4)

1986  Mar 2, Protesters tried to stop the sale of the Land Rover Motor Co. to a US owner.
 (SC, 3/2/02)

1986  Mar 5, In Lebanon, Islamic Jihad issued a statement saying it had "executed" French hostage Michel Seurat, who had been abducted almost a year earlier.
 (AP, 3/5/00)

1986  Mar 6, Ken Ludwig's "Lend me a Tenor," premiered in London.
 (MC, 3/6/02)
1986  Mar 6, USSR's Vega 1 flew by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km.
 (MC, 3/6/02)
1986  Mar 6, Georgia O'Keefe (98), US painter (Flowers), died in Santa Fe, NM.
 (MC, 3/6/02)(SSFC, 6/22/03, p.C8)

1986  Mar 7, Jacob K. Javits (81), (Sen-R-NY), died in Palm Beach, Fla.
 (MC, 3/7/02)

1986  Mar 8, Four French television crew members were abducted in west Beirut; a caller claimed the Islamic Jihad was responsible. (All four were eventually released).
 (AP, 3/8/98)

1986  Mar 9, Navy divers found the crew compartment of the space shuttle Challenger along with the remains of the astronauts.
 (HN, 3/9/98)
1986  Mar 9, Ned Calmer (78), TV host (In the First Person), died.
 (MC, 3/9/02)

1986  Mar 11, The Japanese probe Sakigake flew by Halley's Comet at 6.8 million km.
 (MC, 3/12/02)

1986  Mar 12, Susan Butcher won the 1,158 mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska.
 (MC, 3/12/02)

1986  Mar 13, Microsoft Corp., an 11-year-old company, went public and rose from $21 to $28 on opening day. Its revenues for the year were $197 million and it employed 1,153 people.
 (Wired, 12/98, p.196)

1986  Mar 15, The AMA ruled that euthanasia was ethical on coma patients.
 (HN, 3/15/98)

1986  Mar 18, Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Prince Andrew to Sarah Ferguson.
 (HN, 3/18/98)

1986  Mar 23, 6th Golden Raspberry Awards: Rambo; First Blood Part II won.
 (SS, 3/23/02)

1986  Mar 25, President Ronald Reagan ordered emergency aid for the Honduran army. U.S. helicopters took Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan border.
 (HN, 3/24/98)
1986  Mar 25, US Supreme Court ruled that the Air Force could ban wearing of yarmulkes.
 (MC, 3/25/02)

1986  Mar 28, The U.S. Senate passed a $100 million aid package for the Nicaraguan contras.
 (HN, 3/28/98)
1986  Mar 28, Extremist Sikhs killed 13 Hindus in Ludhiana, India.
 (MC, 3/28/02)

1986  Mar 29, A court in Rome acquitted six men in a plot to kill the Pope.
 (HN, 3/29/98)

1986  Mar 30, Actor James Cagney (86) died at his farm in Stanfordville, N.Y.
 (AP, 3/30/97)

1986  Mar 31, English Hampton Court palace was destroyed by fire and 1 person died.
 (MC, 3/31/02)
1986  Mar 31, 167 people died when a Mexicana Airlines Boeing 727 crashed in a remote mountainous region of Mexico.
 (AP, 3/30/97)

1986  Mar, Pakistan acquired weapons-grade uranium.
 (SFEC, 5/17/98, p.A15)

1986               Apr 1,  The U.S. submarine Nathaniel Green ran aground in the Irish Sea.
 (OTD)
1986  Apr 1, World oil prices dipped below $10 a barrel.
 (MC, 4/1/02)

1986  Apr 2, George Corley Wallace (Gov-D-Ala) announced his retirement.
 (MC, 4/2/02)
1986  Apr 2, Four American passengers were killed when a bomb exploded aboard a TWA jetliner en route from Rome to Athens, Greece.
 (AP, 4/2/98)

1986  Apr 3, US national debt hit $2,000,000,000,000 (2 trillion).
 (MC, 4/3/02)
1986  Apr 3, Peter Pears (75), English tenor (Death in Venice), died.
 (MC, 4/3/02)

1986  Apr 5, Record for a throw-and-return boomerang toss was set (121m).
 (MC, 4/5/02)
1986  Apr 5, A Berlin nightclub was bombed and 2 US soldiers and a woman were killed and 230 injured. Palestinian Yasser Shraydi (Chraidi) was suspected of playing a lead role in the bombing of the La Belle discotheque. In 1996 he was extradited from Lebanon to face charges in Germany. In 1996 Andrea Hasler was arrested in Greece and extradited to Germany. Also a woman named Verena Chanaa, suspected of planting the bomb, and her former husband named Ali Chanaa were arrested in Berlin. In 1997 Musbah Abulghasen Eter was arrested by Italian police in Rome in connection with the bombing. In 2001 V. Chanaa was sentenced to 14 years, A. Chanaa and Eter were sentenced to 12 years, and Chraidi was sentenced to 14 years.
 (SFC, 5/234/96, p.A14)(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A12)(WSJ, 8/28/97, p.A1)(SFC, 8/28/97, p.C3)(SFC, 11/14/01, p.A18)
1986  Apr 5, Manly Wade Wellman (82), sci-fi author (Devil's Planet), died.
 (MC, 4/5/02)

1986  Apr 8, Clint Eastwood was elected mayor of Carmel, California.
 (MC, 4/8/02)

1986  Apr 10, Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan.
 (MC, 4/10/02)

1986  Apr 11, Dodge Morgan sailed solo nonstop around the world in 150 days.
 (HN, 4/11/98)
1986  Apr 11, Halley's Comet made its closest approach to Earth this trip at 63 M km.
 (MC, 4/11/02)

1986  Apr 13, Pope John Paul II visited a Rome synagogue and met with Chief Rabbi Elio Toaff in the first recorded papal visit of its kind.
 (AP, 4/13/97)(MC, 4/13/02)

1986  Apr 14, Americans got first word of the U.S. air raid on Libya (because of the time difference, it was the early morning of April 15th where the attack occurred). US aircraft attacked five terrorist locations in Libya in response to the Apr 5 terrorist attack in Berlin. In 2003 Joseph T. Stanik authored "El Dorado Canyon," an account of the military strike.
 (AP, 4/14/97)(HN, 4/14/98)(SFC, 12/18/99, p.C4)(WSJ, 2/11/03, p.D8)
1986  Apr 14, Desmond Tutu was elected Anglican archbishop of Capetown.
 (MC, 4/14/02)
1986  Apr 14, Double-decker ferry sank in stormy weather in Bangladesh killing 200.
 (MC, 4/14/02)
1986  Apr 14, Jean Genet (75), French playwright (Lesson Negres), died.
 (MC, 4/14/02)
1986  Apr 14, Simone de Beauvoir (78), French feminist author, died in Paris.
 (AP, 4/14/02)

1986  Apr 15, The United States launched an air raid with F-111 warplanes against Libya in response to the bombing of a discotheque in Berlin on April 5; Libya says 37 people, mostly civilians, were killed.
 (AP, 4/15/97)(HN, 4/15/98)

1986  Apr 17, Pulitzer prize awarded to Larry McMurtry for "Lonesome Dove."
 (MC, 4/17/02)
1986  Apr 17, IBM produced its 1st megabit-chip.
 (MC, 4/17/02)
1986  Apr 17, The bodies of American librarian Peter Kilburn and two Britons were found near Beirut; the three hostages had been slain in apparent retaliation for the U.S. raid on Libya.
 (AP, 4/17/97)

1986  Apr 21, A vault in Chicago's Lexington Hotel that was linked to Al Capone was opened during a live TV special hosted by Geraldo Rivera; aside from a few bottles and a sign, the vault was empty.
 (AP, 4/21/97)

1986  Apr 23, Harold Arlen (81), [Hyman Arluck], US composer, was murdered.
 (MC, 4/23/02)
1986  Apr 23, Otto Preminger (79), film director (Advise & Consent, Anatomy of Murder), died.
 (MC, 4/23/02)

1986  Apr 24, Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson (b.6/19/1896), the Duchess of Windsor, for whom King Edward VIII gave up the British throne, died in Paris at age 89. Wallis Simpson was King Edward VIII's wife. In the early 1950s Simpson engaged in an affair with playboy Jimmy Donahue. In 2000 Christopher Wilson authored "Dancing with the Devil: The Windsors and Jimmy Donahue."
 (AP, 4/24/97)(SFC, 2/28/98, p.A5)(SFC, 1/4/01, p.D10)(MC, 4/24/02)

1986  Apr 26, [William] Broderick Crawford (74), actor (Highway Patrol), died.
 (MC, 4/26/02)
1986  Apr 26, In Pripyat in the Ukraine, north of Kiev, at 1:23 a.m. the Chernobyl atomic power plant exploded. A 300-hundred-square-mile area was evacuated and 31 people died as unknown thousands were exposed to radioactive material that spread in the atmosphere throughout the world. An exploded at Chernobyl, Ukraine, and burned for 10 days. About 70% of the fallout fell in Belarus. Damage was estimated to be up to $130 billion. By 1998 10,000 Russian "liquidators" involved in the cleanup had died and thousands more became invalids. It was later estimated that the released radioactivity was 200 times the combined bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
 (GQ, Summer '96, p.22)(WSJ, 11/8/95, p.A-1)(440 Int'l. Internet, 4/26/97, p.3)(SFC, 4/27/98, p.A14)(SFC, 12/18/99, p.C4)

1986  Apr 27, "Sweet Charity" opened at Minskoff Theater in NYC for 368 performances.
 (MC, 4/27/02)
1986  Apr 27, A video pirate calling himself "Captain Midnight" interrupted a movie on Home Box Office with a printed message protesting de-scrambling fees. Captain Midnight turned out to be John R. MacDougall of Florida, who was fined and placed on probation.
 (AP, 4/27/01)

1986  Apr 28, The Soviet Union informed the world of the Apr 26 nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, saying the accident damaged a reactor and that aid was being rendered to "those affected."
 (AP, 4/28/02)

1986  Apr 29, 800,000 books were destroyed by fire in LA Central Library.
 (MC, 4/29/02)
1986  Apr 29, Seamus McElwaine (25), Irish IRA-terrorist, was killed.
 (MC, 4/29/02)

1986  May 1, Will Steger's expedition reached the North Pole.
 (MC, 5/1/02)
1986  May 1, Tass News Agency reported the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.
 (HN, 5/1/98)

1986  May 3, In Sri Lanka Tamil Tigers bombed an Airlanka plane at Colombo airport and killed 16 people.
 (SFC, 7/24/96, p.A9)
1986  May 3, In NASA's first post-Challenger launch, an unmanned Delta rocket lost power in its main engine shortly after liftoff, forcing safety officers to destroy it by remote control.
 (AP, 5/3/97)

1986  May 9, Tenzing Norgay (71), Tibetan climber (Mount Everest 1953), died.
 (MC, 5/9/02)

1986  May 12, Fred Markham (US), unpaced and unaided by wind, became 1st to pedal 65 mph on a level course, Big Sand Flat, Calif.
 (MC, 5/12/02)

1986  May 14, Institute for War documents published Anne Frank's complete diary.
 (MC, 5/14/02)

1986  May 15, Theodore H. White (71), US journalist (Making of Pres, Pulitzer), died.
 (MC, 5/15/02)
1986  May 15, Argentine ex-president Galtieri was sentenced to 12 years.
 (MC, 5/15/02)
1986  May 15, In Sudan Francis Bok was kidnapped when Arabs from a government-armed militia swept into his village shooting the men and cutting off their heads with swords.
 (WSJ, 5/23/02, p.A1)

1986  May 18, "Singin' in the Rain" closes at Gershwin Theater in NYC after 367 performances.
 (SC, 5/18/02)
1986  May 18, South African army occupied Botswana, Zimbabwe & Zambia.
 (SC, 5/18/02)
1986  May 18, John Bubbles Sublett (84), tap dancer (Black & Bubbles), died.
 (SC, 5/18/02)

1986  May 20, The Flintstones 25th Anniversary Celebration aired on CBS-TV.
 (MC, 5/20/02)
1986  May 20, In China a tornado picked up 12 children and deposited them on a sand dune 12 miles away unharmed.
 (SFEC, 7/6/97, Z1 p.6)

1986  May 22, Cher called David Letterman an asshole on Late Night on NBC.
 (MC, 5/22/02)

1986  May 23, Sterling Hayden (70), actor (Blue & Gray), died.
 (MC, 5/23/02)

1986  May 25, An estimated 7 million Americans participated in "Hands Across America," forming a line across the country to raise money for the nation's hungry and homeless. The campaign was organized by Martin & Glantz, a social issues and media strategies firm. Angenette Martin, a founding partner, died in 1997 at 50.
 (AP, 5/25/97)(SFC, 9/2/97, p.A18)
1986  May 25, Ferry boat Shamia sank on Maghna River in Bangladesh and some 600 were killed.
 (SC, 5/25/02)
1986  May 25, Virgilio Barco was elected President of Colombia.
 (SC, 5/25/02)
1986  May 25, Chester Bowles (85), US senator, ambassador, died.
 (SC, 5/25/02)

1986  May, Unit two of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant off the coast of San Luis Obispo, California, began operation.
 (SFC, 5/22/96, p.D-1)

1986  May, In Norway the Conservative-led coalition resigned and Gro Harlem Brundtland returned to power. She immediately appointed 8 women to her 18-member cabinet.
 (SFC, 10/24/96, p.C3)

1986  Jun 1, "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" and "I'm Not Rappaport" won the Tony Awards for best musical and best play on Broadway.
 (DT, 6/1/97)

1986  Jun 2, For the first time, the public could watch the proceedings of the U.S. Senate on television as a six-week experiment of televised sessions began.
 (AP, 6/2/02)
1986  Jun 2, NYC transit system issued a new brass with steel bull's-eye token.
 (SC, 6/2/02)

1986  Jun 3, Battles in Beirut killed 53.
 (MC, 6/3/02)

1986  Jun 4, Jonathan Jay Pollard, a former Navy intelligence analyst, pleaded guilty in Washington to spying for Israel. (He was later sentenced a life prison term.)
 (AP, 6/4/97)(WSJ, 1/28/98, p.A18)
1986  Jun 4, The California Supreme Court approved the "deep pockets law." It limited the liability of manufacturers and other wealthy defendants.
 (SFC, 8/19/97, p.A1)

1986  Jun 5, A federal jury in Baltimore convicted Ronald W. Pelton of selling secrets to the Soviet Union. (Pelton was sentenced to three life prison terms plus 10 years).
 (AP, 6/5/97)

1986  Jun 6, Ronn Teitelbaum (d.2000 at 61) opened his Johnny Rockets restaurant on Melrose Ave. in Los Angeles. In 2000 it had grown to 138 outlets in 25 states.
 (SFC, 9/15/00, p.D5)

1986  Jun 7, Madonna's "Live to Tell," single went #1.
 (SC, 6/7/02)

1986  Jun 8, Kurt Waldheim, an alleged Nazi, was elected president of Austria.
 (MC, 6/8/02)

1986  Jun 9, The Rogers Commission released its report on the "Challenger" disaster, criticizing NASA and rocket-builder Morton Thiokol for management problems leading to the explosion that claimed the lives of seven astronauts. The Space Shuttle Challenger blew up as a result of a failure in a solid rocket booster joint.
 (AP, 6/9/00)(HN, 6/9/99)

1986  Jun 11, A divided Supreme Court struck down a Pennsylvania abortion law, while reaffirming its 1973 decision establishing a constitutional right to abortion.
 (AP, 6/11/97)

1986  Jun 13, Benny Goodman, the clarinet-playing "King of Swing," died in New York at the age of 77.
 (AP, 6/13/97)

1986  Jun 14, Jorge Luis Borges (86), Argentine author (Book of Sand), died in Geneva. In 1998 a new English translation by Andrew Hurley of his "Collected Fictions" was published. In 1999 Alexander Coleman edited "Selected Poems." Also in 1999 Eliot Weinberger edited "Selected Non-Fictions."
 (SFEC, 12/13/98, BR p.1)(SFEC, 4/18/99, BR p.3)(WSJ, 8/17/99, p.A18)(MC, 6/14/02)
1986  Jun 14, Alan Jay Lerner (67), Broadway librettist, died in NY.
 (MC, 6/14/02)
1986  Jun 14, Marlin Perkins (b.1905), zoologist and TV host (Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom), died.
 (MC, 6/14/02)

1986  Jun 15, Pravda announced that the high-level Chernobyl staff was fired for stupidity.
 (MC, 6/15/02)

1986  Jun 17, President Reagan announced the retirement of Chief Justice Warren Earl Burger. President Ronald Reagan named William Rehnquist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
 (AP 6/17/97)(HNQ, 1/10/99)
1986  Jun 17, Singer Kate Smith died in Raleigh, N.C., at age 79.
 (AP 6/17/97)

1986  Jun 19, Artificial heart recipient Murray P. Haydon died in Louisville, Ky., after 16 months on the man-made pump at 59.
 (DT, 6/19/97)

1986  Jun 23, Tip O'Neill refused to let Reagan address the House.
 (MC, 6/23/02)

1986  Jun 25, Congress approved $100 million in aid to the Contras fighting in Nicaragua.
 (HN, 6/25/98)

1986  Jun 27, US informed New Zealand it will not defend it against attack.
 (SC, 6/27/02)
1986  Jun 27, Don Rogers of the Cleveland Browns died of cocaine poisoning.
 (SC, 6/27/02)
1986  Jun 27, An Irish referendum upheld a ban on divorce.
 (SC, 6/27/02)
1986  Jun 27, World Court ruled that US aid to Nicaraguan contras was illegal.
 (SC, 6/27/02)

1986  Jun 30, In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults. The Georgia sodomy law upheld by Supreme Court.
 (AP, 6/30/97)(MC, 6/30/02)

1986  Jun, In Mexico Gustavo Petricioli Iturbe was named treasury secretary by Pres. Miguel de la Madrid. The foreign debt was near $100 billion due to the collapse of oil prices earlier in the decade.
 (SFEC, 10/11/98, p.D10)

1986  Jul 2, The US Supreme Court upheld affirmative action in 2 rulings.
 (SC, 7/2/02)

1986  Jul 3, President Reagan presided over a gala ceremony in New York Harbor that saw the relighting of the renovated Statue of Liberty.
 (AP 7/3/97)
1986  Jul 3, The 1st Dutch test tube baby was born.
 (MC, 7/3/02)
1986  Jul 3, Rudy Vallee (84), singer (Vagabond Dreams), died.
 (MC, 7/3/02)

1986  Jul 4, E F Helin discovered asteroid #3855 Pasasymphonia.
 (Maggio)

1986  Jul 5, Statue of Liberty was reopened after being refurbished.
 (MC, 7/5/02)

1986  Jul 7, The US Supreme Court struck down Gramm-Rudman deficit-reduction law.
 (MC, 7/7/02)
1986  Jul 7, Jordan government shut al-Fatah offices.
 (MC, 7/7/02)

1986  Jul 8, Kurt Waldheim was inaugurated as president of Austria despite controversy over his alleged ties to Nazi war crimes. He was barred from entering the US in 1987 due to his services as an officer in a German army unit implicated in war crimes in the Balkans.
 (SFC, 2/17/96, p.A14)(AP 7/8/97)

1986  Jul 9, The US Attorney General's Commission on Pornography released the final draft of its 2,000-page report, which linked hard-core porn to sex crimes.
 (AP 7/9/97)

1986  Jul 11, President Ronald Reagan placed the Contras, who were fighting the government of Nicaragua, under CIA jurisdiction.
 (HN, 7/11/98)
1986  Jul 11, Mary Beth Whitehead christened surrogate Baby M, Sara.
 (PGA, 12/9/98)

1986  Jul 14, Richard W. Miller became the 1st FBI agent convicted of espionage.
 (MC, 7/14/02)
1986  Jul 14, An expedition from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute filmed the wreck of the Titanic for the first time.
 (SFEC,12/797, DB p.37)
1986  Jul 14, Raymond Loewy (92), US industrial designer, died.
 (MC, 7/14/02)

1986  Jul 18, Videotapes were released showing Titanic's sunken remains.
 (MC, 7/18/02)

1986  Jul 19, Caroline Kennedy, daughter of President John F. Kennedy, married Edwin A. Schlossberg in Centerville, Massachusetts.
 (AP, 7/19/00)

1986  Jul 23, Britain's Prince Andrew married Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey in London. The couple divorced in 1996. [see Jul 25]
 (AP, 7/23/98)

1986  Jul 25, Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson were married in London with the appellation Duke and Duchess of York. Six years later they separated. [see Jul 23]
 (SFC, 4/17/96, p.A-9)
1986  Jul 25, Vincente Minnelli (76), movie director, died in LA.
 (SC, 7/25/02)

1986  Jul 26, Kidnappers in Lebanon released the Reverend Lawrence Martin Jenco, an American hostage held for nearly 19 months.
 (AP, 7/26/00)
1986  Jul 26, Averell Harriman (b.1892), statesman and former New York Governor, died at age 94 in Yorktown Heights, NY. He left his fabulous art collection, fortune, and influence in the Democratic Party to his wife, Pamela Churchill Harriman. She was later appointed by Pres. Clinton as ambassador to France. In 1996 Sally Bedell Smith wrote her biography: "Reflected Glory: The Life of Pamela Churchill Harriman."
 (SFC, 10/23/96, p.E6)(MC, 7/26/02)

1986  Jul 28, NASA released the transcript from doomed Challenger. Pilot Michael Smith could be heard saying, "Uh-oh!" as spacecraft disintegrated.
 (SC, 7/28/02)

1986  Jul 29, NY jury ruled that the had NFL violated antitrust laws. The USFL was awarded $1 in damages.
 (MC, 7/29/02)

1986  Jul, Gary Lee Davis and his wife, Rebecca, abducted, raped and killed Virginia May. After exhausting all appeals he was scheduled to die by lethal injection in 1997. Rebecca was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison.
 (SFC, 10/13/97, p.A7)(SFC, 10/14/97, p.A3)

1986  Aug 6, William J. Schroeder died after living 620 days with the "Jarvik 7" artificial heart.
 (AP, 8/6/97)

1986  Aug 21, In Cameroon 1,746 people died when toxic gas, an invisible bubble of CO2, erupted [seeped out] from a volcano under Lake Nyos. Venting of the lake began in 2001.
 (AP, 8/21/97)(WSJ, 11/17/97, p.B1)(SFC, 8/14/99, p.A6)(SC, 8/21/02)(AP, 2/15/03)

1986  Aug 22, Kerr-McGee Corp. agreed to pay the estate of the late Karen Silkwood $1.38 million, settling a 10-year-old nuclear contamination lawsuit.
 (AP, 8/22/97)

1986  Aug 28, US Navy officer Jerry A. Whitworth was sentenced to 365 years for spying.
 (MC, 8/28/01)

1986  Aug 30, Soviet authorities arrested Nicholas Daniloff, the Moscow correspondent for U.S. News and World Report, after he was handed a package by a Russian acquaintance. He was later released.
 (AP, 8/30/97)

1986  Aug 31, Aeromexico flight 498 with 64 passengers collided with a light plane as it approached Los Angeles and crashed to the ground where an additional 15 people were killed. The National Transportation Safety Board blamed flaws in the overloaded traffic control system. 82 people were killed when an Aeromexico jetliner and a small private plane collided over Cerritos, Calif.
 (SFC, 8/31/96, p.A20)(AP, 8/31/97)
1986  Aug 31, The Soviet passenger ship Admiral Nakhimov collided with a merchant vessel in the Black Sea, causing both vessels to sink; up to 448 people reportedly died.
 (AP, 8/31/97)
1986  Aug 31, Henry Moore (b.1898), English sculptor and cartoonist, died. In 1998 John Hedgecoe published "A Monumental Vision: The Sculpture of Henry Moore."
 (SFEC, 7/19/98, BR p.9)(MC, 8/31/01)

1986  Aug, Aleta Carol Bunch (16) was kidnapped, raped and murdered in Augusta, Georgia, by Alexander E. Williams IV (17). Williams was convicted and sentenced to death. In 2000 the state Supreme Court stayed the execution to see if electrocution violated the state constitution. Williams, a chronic paranoid schizophrenic, was kept synthetically sane with forced medication. His execution, set for Feb 20, was stayed on Feb 19. Williams was granted clemency Feb 25 and his sentence was commuted to life in prison.
 (SFC, 8/23/00, p.A7)(SFC, 2/19/02, p.A3)(SFC, 2/20/02, p.A7)(SFC, 2/26/02, p.A5)

1986  Sep 1, Paul McCartney released his "Press to Play" album.
 (SC, 9/1/02)
1986  Sep 1, Murray Hamilton (63), actor (Rich Man Poor Man), died.
 (SC, 9/1/02)

1986  Sep 2, Cathy Evelyn Smith was sentenced to 3 years for the 1982 death of John Belushi.
 (MC, 9/2/01)

1986  Sep 3, Alan Ayckbourn's "Woman in Mind," premiered in London.
 (MC, 9/3/01)

1986  Sep 5, The Pakistan army stormed a hijacked US B-747 in Karachi and 19 people were killed. In 2001 Zayd Hassan Abd Al-latif Masud Al Safarini, jailed in Pakistan for 15 years, arrived in Alaska and was expected to face a 1991 indictment for the 1986 hijacking of a Pan Am jet in which 22 people were killed.
 (MC, 9/5/01)(SFC, 10/2/01, p.A3)

1986  Sep 6, 300 invitees paid $5,000 to hear Barbra Streisand's benefit concert.
 (MC, 9/6/01)
1986  Sep 6, An attack on synagogue in Istanbul killed 23 people.
 (MC, 9/6/01)

1986  Sep 7, In Chile Gen'l. Pinochet narrowly survived an assassination attempt involving 70 terrorists. 5 of his escorts were murdered.
 (WSJ, 10/30/98, p.A19)(SFC, 3/25/99, p.A3)
1986  Sep 7, Desmond Tutu was installed as the Anglican archbishop of Capetown, the first black to lead the Anglican Church in southern Africa.
 (AP, 9/7/97)(MC, 9/7/01)

1986  Sep 8, Westinghouse sold Muzak.
 (MC, 9/8/01)

1986  Sep 9, A NYC jury indicted Gennadly Zakharov (Soviet UN employee) of spying.
 (MC, 9/9/01)
1986  Sep 9, Frank Reed, director of a private school in Lebanon, was taken hostage; he was released 44 months later.
 (AP, 9/9/97)

1986  Sep 11, The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) suffered its biggest 1-day decline ever, plummeting 86.61 points to 1,792.89. 237.57 million shares were traded. [see Oct 19, 1987]
 (MC, 9/11/01)
1986  Sep 11, Egypt's Pres Mubarak received Israeli premier Peres.
 (MC, 9/11/01)

1986  Sep 12, Joseph Cicippio, the acting comptroller at the American University in Beirut, was kidnapped; he was released in December 1991.
 (AP, 9/12/97)
1986  Sep 12, Frank Nelson, actor (Jack Benny Show), died at 75.
 (MC, 9/12/01)

1986  Sep 13, In Texas Jonathan Nobles stabbed to death Mitzi Johnson-Nalley (21) and Kelly Farquhar (24). Nobles was high on drugs at the time and during imprisonment offered to donate his organs, but the Texas system did not allow organs from death row inmates to be harvested. He was executed Oct 7, 1998.
 (SFC, 10/8/98, p.A3)

1986  Sep 14, President Reagan and his wife, Nancy, appeared together on radio and television to appeal for a "national crusade" against drug abuse.
 (AP, 9/14/01)

1986  Sep 15, The 1st broadcast of "LA Law" on NBC-TV.
 (MC, 9/15/01)

1986  Sep 17, The Senate confirmed the nomination of William H. Rehnquist to become the 16th chief justice of the United States.
 (AP, 9/17/97)
1986  Sep 17, A bomb attack in Paris killed 6 people.
 (MC, 9/17/01)

1986  Sep 19, Harken Energy agreed to acquire Spectrum 7 Energy Corp., where George W. Bush was chairman. Bush became a Harken board member and a $100,000-a-year consultant.
 (WSJ, 10/9/02, p.A4)

1986  Sep 21, In the 38th Emmy Awards the winners included Golden Girls, Cagney & Lacey and Michael J. Fox.
 (MC, 9/21/01)

1986  Sep 23, Congress selected the rose as US national flower.
 (MC, 9/23/01)

1986  Sep 26, William H. Rehnquist, member since 1986, was sworn in as the 16th chief justice of the United States. Antonin Scalia joined the Supreme Court as its 103rd member.
 (AP, 9/26/97)(SFC, 11/30/00, p.A3)

1986  Sep 27, The US Senate joined House of Reps voting for "sweeping tax reforms."
 (MC, 9/27/01)

1986  Sep 29, The Soviet Union released Nicholas Daniloff, an American journalist confined in Moscow on spying charges.
 (AP, 9/29/01)

1986  Sep 30, The U.S. released accused Soviet spy Gennady Zakharov, one day after the Soviets released Nicholas Daniloff.
 (AP, 9/30/97)

1986  Sep, A US federal appeals court ruled that Wicca was a religion protected by the Constitution.
 (SFEC, 10/31/99, p.A6)

1986  Sep, China's first stock market opened in Shanghai.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)

1986  Oct 1, Former President Jimmy Carter's presidential library and museum were dedicated in Atlanta with help from President Reagan.
 (AP, 10/1/97)

1986  Oct 2, Sikhs attempted to assassinate Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
 (MC, 10/2/01)

1986  Oct 4, The Soviet submarine, K-219, began experiencing problems while on routine patrol in the Atlantic. The submarine had collided with an American submarine just days before a US-Soviet summit between Gorbachev and Reagan in Reykjavik, Iceland.
 (SFEC, 11/24/96, p.A14)(WSJ, 7/24/97, p.A16)

1986  Oct 5, American Eugene Hasenfus was captured by Sandinista soldiers after the weapons plane he was flying in was shot down over southern Nicaragua.
 (AP, 10/5/97)

1986  Oct 6, The Soviet submarine, K-219, with 16 ballistic missiles each carrying 2 warheads, sank about 600 miles east of Bermuda. One of its nuclear reactors had overheated and seaman Sergey Preminin manually shut it down, but sealed his death in the process. It was later revealed that highly radioactive plutonium  239 was released in the mishap.
 (SFEC, 11/24/96, p.A1,5)

1986  Oct 9, "Phantom of the Opera" premiered in London.
 (MC, 10/9/01)
1986  Oct 9, Senate convicted US District Judge Harry E. Claiborne making him 5th federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
 (MC, 10/9/01)

1986  Oct 10, Israel Prime Minister Shimon Peres resigned.
 (MC, 10/10/01)

1986  Oct 11, President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev opened two days of talks concerning arms control and human rights in Reykjavik, Iceland.
 (AP, 10/11/97)

1986  Oct 12, The superpower meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland, ended in stalemate, with President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev unable to agree on arms control or a date for a full-fledged summit in the United States.
 (AP, 10/12/97)

1986  Oct 14, Holocaust survivor and human rights advocate Elie Wiesel in the US was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
 (SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/14/97)

1986  Oct 15, Harvard Univ. agreed to buy 1.35 million shares of Harken Energy for $2 million and to invest $20 million in Harken projects. George W. Bush served as a Harken board member and paid consultant.
 (WSJ, 10/9/02, p.A4)

1986  Oct 16, US government closed down due to budget problems.
 (MC, 10/16/01)
1986  Oct 16, Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist, died at 65.
 (MC, 10/16/01)

1986  Oct 17, US Senate approved immigration bill prohibiting hiring of illegal aliens and offered amnesty to illegals who entered prior to 1982.
 (MC, 10/17/01)
1986  Oct 17, Yitzak Rabin formed an Israeli government.
 (MC, 10/17/01)

1986  Oct 21, The US and Marshall Islands formed a Compact of Free Association. Economic benefits along with security and defense of the islands was exchanged for the right to deny access to third countries.
 (SFC, 3/8/99, p.A16)
1986  Oct 21, Pro-Iranian kidnappers in Lebanon claimed to have abducted American Edward Tracy (he was released in August 1991).
 (AP, 10/21/97)

1986  Oct 22, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (93), bio-chemist (Vitamin C, Nobel 1937), died.
 (MC, 10/22/01)

1986  Oct 25, Michael Sergio parachuted into Shea Stadium during game 6 of the World Series. In game 6 of the Baseball World Series a slowly hit ball trickled through the legs of Bill Buckner and cost the Red Sox the game. They lost game 7 and the NY Mets won the series.
 (WSJ, 7/23/98, p.A1)(MC, 10/25/01)

1986  Oct 28, The Statue of Liberty turned 100 years old.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1986)

1986  Oct, A drug raid in LA was made. The LA County Sheriff's Dept. documented that Nicaraguan drug trafficker Daniel Blandon was shipping hundreds of kilos of cocaine in the Southern California area. In 1998 Gary Webb published "Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion."
 (SFEC, 6/28/98, BR p.3)

1986  Nov 1, In Japan seven charred bodies of women of the cult Friends of Truth were found on a beach. Their leader had recently died in a hospital.
 (SFC, 3/27/97, p.A19)
1986  Nov 1, A fire in a Sandoz factory in Basel left 30 tons of chemicals in the Rhine.
 (MC, 11/1/01)

1986  Nov 2, Mike Tyson (20) knocked out Trevor Berbick and won the WBC title to become the youngest heavyweight champion in history.
 (SFC, 2/6/99, p.A13)
1986  Nov 2, Kidnappers in Lebanon released American hospital administrator David Jacobsen after holding him for 17 months.
 (HN, 11/2/01)

1986  Nov 3, "Ash-Shiraa," a pro-Syrian Lebanese magazine, broke the story of U.S. arms sales to Iran, a revelation that escalated into the Iran-Contra affair.
 (AP, 11/3/97)

1986  Nov 6, Reagan signed a landmark immigration reform bill.
 (MC, 11/6/01)
1986  Nov 6, The Iran arms-for-hostages deal was revealed and damaged the Reagan administration.
 (HN, 11/6/99)

1986  Nov 9, Israel said it was holding Mordechai Vanunu, a former nuclear technician who had vanished after providing information to a British newspaper about Israel's nuclear weapons program. Vanunu was convicted of treason and sentenced to 18 years in prison. Mordechai Vanunu was later convicted of giving data on Israel's nuclear program to a newspaper and put into solitary confinement until Mar 12, 1988.
 (WSJ, 3/13/98, p.A1)(AP, 11/9/99)

1986  Nov 10, President Ronald Reagan refused to reveal details of the Iran arms sale.
 (HN, 11/10/98)

1986  Nov 13, US president Reagan confessed to weapon sales to Iran.
 (MC, 11/13/01)
1986  Nov 13, Rudolf Schock (71), German opera and operetta singer, died.
 (MC, 11/13/01)

1986  Nov 14, White House acknowledges CIA role in secretly shipping weapons to Iran.
 (MC, 11/14/01)
1986  Nov 14, SEC imposed a record $100 million penalty against Ivan Boesky.
 (MC, 11/14/01)

1986  Nov 15, A government tribunal in Nicaragua convicted American Eugene Hasenfus of charges related to his role in delivering arms to Contra rebels, and sentenced him to 30 years in prison. He was pardoned a month later.
 (AP, 11/15/97)

1986  Nov 17, Renault President Georges Besse was shot to death by leftists of the Direct Action Group in Paris.
 (HN, 11/17/98)

1986  Nov 20, UN's WHO announced 1st global effort to combat AIDS.
 (MC, 11/20/01)

1986  Nov 21, The US Justice Department began the inquiry into the National Security Council in what became known as the Iran-Contra scandal; Lt. Col. Oliver North shredded important documents. Albert Hakim (d.2003) was the financial person behind the arms-for-hostages deal.
 (HN, 11/21/01)(SFC, 4/29/03, A21)

1986  Nov 22, Justice Department found a memo in Lt. Col. Oliver North's office on the transfer of $12 million to contras from Iran arms sale.
 (HN, 11/22/98)

1986  Nov 23, Philippine President Corazon Aquino dismissed defense chief Juan Ponce Enrile after reported coup attempt.
 (AP, 11/23/02)

1986  Nov 25, Secret arms sales to Iran were uncovered with Lt. Col. Oliver North directing the proceeds to the contras in Nicaragua. The Iran-Contra affair erupted as President Reagan and Attorney General Edwin Meese revealed that profits from secret arms sales to Iran had been diverted to Nicaraguan rebels. Fawn Hall smuggled important documents out of Lt. Col. Oliver North's office.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1986)(AP, 11/25/97)(HN, 11/25/98)

1986  Nov 26, President Reagan appointed a commission headed by former Sen. John Tower to investigate his National Security Council staff in the wake of the Iran-Contra affair.
 (AP, 11/26/97)
1986  Nov 26, Scatman Crothers (76), singer and actor (Shining, Chico & The Man), died.
 (MC, 11/26/01)
1986  Nov 26, An Iranian missile slammed into crowded residential district of Baghdad, Iraq, killing 48 civilians and wounding 52.
 (AP, 11/26/02)

1986  Nov 28, NBC's Ahmad Rashad heard the acceptance of his marriage proposal from Phylicia Ayers-Allen during halftime of the Detroit Lions-New York Jets football game.
 (DT, 11/28/97)
1986  Nov 28, Hilbert van de Thumb skated to a world record 39,492.80 km.
 (DT, 11/28/97)
1986  Nov 28, The United States under the Reagan administration violated ceilings in the unratified SALT II nuclear arms treaty for the first time as another Air Force B-52 bomber capable of carrying atomic-tipped cruise missiles became operational.
 (DT, 11/28/97)

1986  Nov 29, Actor Cary Grant died in Davenport, Iowa, at age 82.
 (AP, 11/29/97)

1986  Nov, A three-person commission was appointed by President Ronald Reagan and headed by former Texas Senator John Tower. It exposed an elaborate network of official deception, private profiteering and White House cover-up in the Reagan administration. The Tower Commission was created to investigate the Iran-Contra scandal, in which weapons were secretly sold to Iran for the release of American hostages with the proceeds then illegally funneled to the Nicaraguan contras. The commission was sharply critical of the president for failing to control the activities of the National Security Council staff. Fawn Hall was the dedicated secretary of Oliver North, who shredded incriminating documents.
 (HNQ, 12/30/98)(SFC, 2/1/99, p.A3)

1986  Dec 1, Lt. Col. Oliver North pleaded the fifth amendment before a Senate panel investigating the Iran Contra arms sale.
 (HN, 12/1/98)
1986  Dec 1, Musee d'Orsay opened in Paris.
 (MC, 12/1/01)

1986  Dec 2, Desi Arnaz (69), actor (Ricky Ricardo-I Love Lucy), died of cancer.
 (MC, 12/2/01)

1986  Dec 4, Neil Simon's "Broadway Bound" premiered in NYC.
 (MC, 12/4/01)

1986  Dec 7, Pres. Jean-Claude Duvalier fled Haiti.
 (MC, 12/7/01)

1986  Dec 8, House Democrats selected majority leader Jim Wright to be the chamber's 48th speaker, succeeding Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill.
 (AP 12/8/97)

1986  Dec 10-30, In China thousands of students began protesting for democracy in Shanghai and the demonstrations spread to Beijing.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)

1986  Dec 14, The experimental aircraft Voyager, piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, took off from Edwards Air Force Base in California on the first non-stop, non-refueled flight around the world. (The trip took nine days.)
 (AP 12/14/97)

1986  Dec 17, A federal jury in Detroit cleared automaker John DeLorean of all 15 charges in his fraud and racketeering trial.
 (MC, 12/17/01)
1986  Dec 17, Eugene Hasenfus, the American convicted by Nicaragua for his part in running guns to the Contras, was pardoned, then released.
 (AP, 12/17/97)
1986  Dec 17, Richard Kuklinsky, a Mafia hitman known as the Iceman, was arrested in New Jersey. He was found guilty of all charges May 25, 1988. Anthony Bruno later authored "The Iceman."
 (www.crimelibrary.com)

1986  Dec 19, The Soviet Union announced it had freed dissident Andrei Sakharov from internal exile, and pardoned his wife, Yelena Bonner.
 (AP, 12/19/97)

1986  Dec 4, Neil Simon's "Broadway Bound" premiered in NYC.
 (MC, 12/4/01)
1986  Dec 20, White teenagers beat blacks in Howard Beach, NY.
 (MC, 12/20/01)

1986  Dec 21, 500,000 Chinese students gathered in Shanghai's People's Square calling for democratic reforms, including freedom of the press.
 (HN, 12/21/98)

1986  Dec 23, The experimental airplane Voyager, piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, completed the first non-stop, round-the-world flight without refueling as it landed safely at Edwards Air Force Base in California.
 (AP, 12/23/97)

1986  Dec 27, In San Diego Cara Evelynn Knott was strangled to death by an on-duty highway patrol officer. Officer Craig Alan Peyer was convicted of the murder, the first ever homicide conviction of an on duty CHP.
 (WSJ, 12/15/97, p.A20)

1986  Dec 29, Former Prime Minister Harold Macmillan of Britain (1957-1963), died at his home in Sussex, England, at age 92.
 (AP, 12/29/97)(MC, 12/29/01)

1986  Dec 31, A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, killed 97 and injured 140 people. (Three hotel workers later pleaded guilty to charges in connection with the blaze.)
 (AP, 12/31/97)

1986  Dec, Sergeant Clayton Lonetree informed his CIA station chief in Austria that he had been spying for the Soviets. he was later sentenced to 30 years, but the sentence was reduced and he was released in 2/96. "Dancing With The Devil, Sex, Espionage and the US Marines: The Clayton Lonetree Story" (1996) by Rodney Barker tells the tale.
 (SFC, 8/29/96, p.B4)

1986  Francis Bacon made his painting "Portrait of George Dyer Talking."
 (SFC, 6/11/99, p.C3)

1986  Sculptor Fred Fierstein dumped a statue called "The Guardian" at the Berkeley Marina. In a city vote fans supported the statue and the term "plop art" was coined.
 (SFC, 1/15/98, p.A24)

1986  Artist Norm Hines of Texas made his cluster of granite megaliths for Caelum Moor in Arlington, Texas. The planned office complex surrounding the site failed and in 1997 it was decided to put the megaliths into storage to allow the development of a shopping center on the land.
 (SFC, 2/8/97, p.A9)

1986  Jasper Johns, painter, completed his work "Winter," one of four of The Seasons series begun in 1985 that fetched $3 mil in a Sotheby's auction in 1995.
 (WSJ, 11/16/95, p.Aa-5)(WSJ, 10/17/96, p.A20)

1986  Sol LeWitt  made his color woodcut "Arcs From Four Corners" at Crown Point Press.
 (SFEC, 9/28/97, DB p.37)

1986  Andy Warhol created his work "The Last Supper." In 1999 it sold for $772,500.
 (WSJ, 11/19/99, p.W16)

1986  August Wilson, playwright, wrote "Joe Turner's Come and Gone."
 (SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)

1986  Kingsley Amis won the Booker Prize with his novel "The Old Devils."
 (SFEC, 7/19/98, BR p.7)

1986  The biography "Picasso: Creator and Destroyer" by Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington was published.
 (SFC, 10/5/96, p.E1)

1986  Bram Dijkstra, Prof. of comparative literature, published "Idols of Perversity." The book described the archetypal good girl. In 1996 he published "Evil Sisters: The Threat of Female Sexuality and the Cult of Manhood." It was an exploration of the archetypal bad girl.
 (SFEC, 10/20/96, BR, p.10)

1986  Eric Drexler published "Engine of Creation" in which he championed the future of nanotechnology.
 (SFC, 7/19/99, p.A8)

1986  Jane Goodall published "The Chimpanzees of Gombe."
 (SFEC, 12/15/96, zone 1 p.3)

1986  Winston Groom published his novel "Forrest Gump."
 (WSJ, 4/24/98, p.W14)

1986  "Grizzly" by wildlife biologist Michio Hoshino was published.
 (NH, 7/96, p.4)

1986  William Loren Katz authored "Black Indians," an account of the relations between Black and Native Americans.
 (WSJ, 12/20/99, p.A1)

1986  Lucien Le Cam (d.2000 at 75), one of the founding fathers of modern statistics, authored "Asymptotic Methods in statistical Decision Theory."
 (SFC, 5/23/00, p.A21)

1986  "Lenape: Archeology, History, Ethnography" by Herbert C. Kraft was published.
 (NH, 10/96, p.6)

1986  Daniel B. Luten (d.2003) published "Progress Against Growth: Essays on the American Landscape."
 (SFEC, 4/27/97, Z1 p.3)(SFC, 1/24/03, p.A25)

1986  James Michener wrote his novel "Legacy."
 (SFC,10/17/97, p.A17)

1986  Susan Minot published her first novel "Monkeys," a compilation of stories of family life.
 (WSJ, 10/7/98, p.A20)

1986  Ralph Nader co-authored "The Big Boys: Styles of Corporate Power."
 (SFEC, 10/13/96, zone 1 p.3)

1986  Prof. Abraham Pais (d.2000 at 81) authored "Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World."
 (SFC, 8/1/00, p.B2)

1986  Douglas Eugene Pike (d.2002 at 77), former US State Dept. officer, authored "PAVN: People's Army of Vietnam" a study of the North Vietnamese Army. In 1966 he authored "Viet Cong."
 (SFC, 5/18/02, p.A22)

1986  Richard Plant (d.1998) wrote "The Pink Triangle: "The Nazi War Against Homosexuals."

1986  Reynolds Price published his novel "Kate Vaiden," that told the story of a woman blessed and cursed with willful determination.
 (SFEC, 4/26/98, BR p.5)

1986  Marc Resiner (d.2000 at 51) authored "Cadillac Desert," an angry indictment of water depletion in the American West.
 (SFC, 7/24/00, p.A21)

1986  Frank Stella wrote "Working Space," a book on Italian Renaissance artists. In the book he speculated about what it would take to guarantee abstract painting a viable future.
 (MT, Win. '96, p.12)(SFC, 3/5/97, p.E5)

1986  Tad Szulc (d.2001) authored "Fidel: A Critical Portrait."
 (SFC, 1/18/00, p.A9)(SFC, 5/24/01, p.C4)

1986  Paul Theroux authored science fiction his novel "O-Zone," about wealthy people who live in tall buildings as opposed to lowly workers of the streets and countryside following a nuclear war.
 (WSJ, 1/1/00, p.R8)

1986  Tang Tsou, Univ. of Chicago Prof., authored "The Cultural Revolution and Post-Mao Reforms: A Historical Perspective."
 (SFC, 8/17/99, p.C2)

1986  John Waters, film director, authored "Crackpot." He published an update in 2003.
 (SSFC, 11/9/03, p.M2)

1986  Sherley Anne Williams (d.1999 at 54) published her historical novel "Dessa Rose."
 (SFC, 7/15/99, p.A25)

1986  Walter Wriston, former CEO of Citibank, wrote "Risk & Other Four-Letter Words."
 (Wired, 10/96, p.142)

1986  Edith Thatcher Hurd (d.1997 at 86) and Clement Hurd (d. 1988) wrote and illustrated a children's companion volume to a book by Gertrude Stein. The Hurds had collaborated on 55 children's books.
 (SFC, 1/28/97, p.A14)

1986  The musical play "Berlin to Broadway With Kurt Weill premiered at the Coconut Grove in Miami under the direction of Jack Allison.
 (WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A20)

1986  Twyla Tharp created her dance piece In the "Upper Room."
 (WSJ, 10/17/96, p.A20)

1986  Oprah Winfrey began her syndicated TV talk show.
 (SSFC, 2/11/01, BR p.1)

1986  The 10-hour TV miniseries "Shaka Zulu" ran for the first time with Henry Cele as Shaka.
 (SFC, 3/20/97, p.E1,3)

1986  The TV Detective show "Hunter" began and lasted to 1991. It starred Charles Hallahan (d.1997 at 54).
 (SFC,12/5/97, p.A22)

1986  Artist Lowell Darling ("If you don't like the news, make the news." 1968) made his video "Hollywood Architecture." It was later dubbed "Hollywood Blank Verse" by Larry Hagman who did part of the narration.
 (SFEM, 1/19/97, p.11)

1986  David Barrett, East Lansing musician, wrote the words and music to the song "One Shining Moment." It premiered in the 1987 NCAA basketball finals.
 (WSJ, 4/4/03, p.B1)

1986  The Beastie Boys, a punk/funk band, burst on the scene with their song: "Fight for Your Right to Party."
 (WSJ, 12/18/98, p.A1)

1986  The Argentine band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs began with bassist Flavio Oscar Cianciarulo and keyboardist Gabriel Fernandez Capello (Vincentico). They did their first gig of Latino Rock as Los Cadillacs at a pub called the Blues in Buenos Aires.
 (SFEC, 4/26/98, DB p.52)

1986  The Paul Simon "Graceland" album popularized South African music in the West.
 (SFC, 7/31/99, p.A17)

1986  Frankie Yankovic won the first Grammy ever awarded for polka.
 (SFC, 10/15/98, p.C6)

1986  Astor Piazzolla (d.1992), bandoneon player, recorded his album "Tango Zero Hour."
 (BAAC, 1/96, p.4,5)(Esq., 5/91, p.60,61)

1986  Wang Xilin, Chinese composer, composed "Calling the Spirit," a musical reflection on the poems of Qu Yuan, a 3rd century BC poet and official.
 (WSJ, 9/24/97, p.A20)

1986  The ballet "Ma Pavlova" was created by Roland Petit.
 (SFC, 12/31/99, p.C6)

1986  Muzak expanded to five channels with the advent of direct broadcast satellite technology. By the end of 1996 they expanded to 60 channels.
 (WSJ, 6/5/96, p.B1)

1986  Room one of the Waste Isolation Power Plant (WIPP), near Carlsbad, New Mexico, was completed. It is located 2,150 feet below the desert surface in an ancient salt bed deposited several hundred million years ago.
 (Smith., 5/95, p.45)

1986  Rev. Sri Swami Satchidananda (1914-2002) founded the Yogaville ashram in Virginia.
 (SFC, 8/20/02, p.A22)

1986  Levi Strauss & Co. introduced Dockers casual pants.
 (SFEC, 8/29/99, p.C1)

1986  Stephen Spurrier, English owner of a wine shop and wine school in Paris, held another competition tasting of French and American wines following his 1976 event in New York City. This time only red wines were tasted and the same reds were used except for the Freemark Abbey wine. The American wines placed first and second: Clos du Val (1972) came in first and Ridge Vineyards (1971) came in second.
 (SFC, 5/29/96, ZZ1 p.4)

1986  Beny Alagem, a former Israeli tank driver, founded Packard Bell Electronics, a small computer manufacturer. He bought the old Packard Bell name and marketed his computers under the old name.
 (WSJ, 3/26/96, p.A-1)

1986  Ron Teitelbaum started the Johnny Rockets restaurant on Melrose Ave. in Beverly Hills. It soon grew to a franchise of 82 units.
 (SFC, 9/6.96, p.E1)

1986  Stephen Worfram, physics and math whiz, founded Wolfram Research Inc., and developed the Mathematica software for solving complex problems.
 (WSJ, 9/25/96, p.B1)

1986  Dollywood, a theme park owned by country singer Dolly Parton, opened in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee.
 (SFC, 6/9/97, p.A3)

1986  Wichita Falls, Texas completed a 540-foot waterfall to replace the original which washed away over a century ago.
 (WSJ, 4/3/96, p.B-1)

1986  The US Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP) was created by the USGS and the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance after a mudflow killed more than 23,000 people in Armero, Colombia in 1985.
 (PacDisc. Spring/'96, p.27)

1986  Jane Goodall founded the Committee for the Conservation and Care of Chimpanzees.
 (SFEC, 12/15/96, zone 1 p.3)

1986  The SF Chronicle started the Season of Sharing Fund, an extension of the Emergency Family Needs/Housing Assistance Fund administered by Northern California Grantmakers in 1983 and 1984. Walter A. Haas, a descendant of Levi Strauss, conceived of the SF Season of Sharing Fund in 1985. He presented the idea to Dick Thierot, publisher of the SF Chronicle and the fund began.
 (SFEC,11/30/97, Z1 p.7)(SFC,12/11/97, p.A23)

1986  The Hot August Nights festival was begun in Reno, Nev., to earn money for the Easter Seal Society. It became an annual festival touted as the world's largest nostalgia fest.
 (SFEC, 6/14/98, p.T10)

1986  The frog, Rosie the Ribeter, set a new leaping record at Angels Camp in California with a jump of 21 ft 5.75 inches.
 (SFC, 4/28/96, p.T-3)

1986  In St. Helena, Calif., the Meadowood Croquet Classic began.
 (SFEM, 7/21/96, p.4)

1986  In Morton, Ill., the first pumpkin-tossing contest was held. The winning throw was 50 feet. By 1996 a compressed air cannon projected a pumpkin a record 2,710 feet at a velocity of more than 600 mph.
 (WSJ, 10/23/97, p.A1)

1986  The Super Bowl was won by the Chicago Bears led by Coach Mike Ditka. Lineman William "Refrigerator" Perry scored touchdowns and the team danced to their video "The Super Bowl Shuffle."
 (WSJ, 9/24/97, p.B1)

1986  The fledgling US Football League won an antitrust settlement against the NFL and was awarded $1 in damages.
 (SFC, 4/28/00, p.D7)

1986  Yuan T. Lee of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
 (SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)

1986  Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM's Almaden Research Center won the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing the scanning-tunneling microscope used to see and manipulate atoms.
 (SJBJ, Jan., '96, p.40)

1986  James M. Buchanon won the Nobel Laureate in economics.
 (WSJ, 4/25/96, p.A-18)

1986  The Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to Wole Soyinka of Nigeria.
 (WSJ, 10/15/96, p.A16)

1986  Reagan's plans for Star Wars caused his summit meeting with Gorbachev in Iceland to fail.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1986)

1986  US Congress passed a law that required the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to balance power generation and environmental protection issues when it licenses hydroelectric dams.
 (SFC,11/26/97, p.A7)

1986  The Immigration Reform and Control Act led to legal residency for nearly 3 million illegal immigrants. Harold Ezell served as the western chief of the immigration service under Ronald Reagan and implemented the act.
 (SFC, 8/27/98, p.C4)

1986  The Chamorros and Carolinians of the Northern Marianas were given US citizenship.
 (SFEC, 3/7/99,Z1 p.4)

1986  Larry Wu-Tai Chin, a retired CIA translator was convicted of spying for China since 1952. Within days of the conviction he killed himself.
 (SFC, 11/19/96, p.A17)

1986  The US Postal Service issued a stamp that recognized Robert Peary and Matthew Henson as co-discoverers of the North Pole.
 (SFC, 8/18/96, p.B8)

1986  The US government raised the capital gains tax to 28%..
 (WSJ, 9/29/95, p.A-14)

1986  In the five years following the Tax Reform Act of 1986, 5,400 changes were made in the tax law. It closed a loophole which had helped wealthy families shield assets by designating inheritance past a generation.
 (WSJ, 6/19/96, p.A18)(SFC, 1/12/98, p.B6)

1986  Terry Sanford (d.1998 at 80) of North Carolina was elected to the US Senate.
 (SFEC, 4/19/98, p.C6)

1986  Mike Bowers, Attorney-General of Georgia, successfully defended the state's anti-sodomy law before the US Supreme Court.
 (SFC, 6/6/97, p.A14)

1986  Ivan Boesky was arrested on Wall Street for insider trading.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1986)

1986  The US passed a law that said the president must prepare a list of major drug producing or drug-transit countries and withhold half of most government aid to them until he certifies that they have fully cooperated with US efforts to stem narcotics trafficking.
 (WSJ, 2/16/96, p.A-6)

1986  US Congress set up a triumvirate in Washington to approve new memorial projects: the Commission on Fine Arts, the national Capital Planning Commission, and the Secretary of the Interior.
 (SFC, 5/26/96, p.A-12)

1986  The US Congress passed the Pressler Amendment. It was used to impose sanctions against Pakistan in 1990 when Pres. Bush was unable to certify that Pakistan did not have a nuclear bomb. This stopped the sale of 28 F-16 airplanes to Pakistan for which $650 million was already paid to General Dynamics.
 (SFC, 5/9/97, p.E2)

1986  The US Congress enacted the alternative minimum tax (AMT), to ensure that all companies pay taxes, regardless of their net income. It set a portion of the value of new equipment to be added to a company's taxable income base.
 (WSJ, 7/18/97, p.A14)

1986  The birthday of Martin Luther King (Jan 19) was made a national holiday.
 (SDUT, 6/6/97, p.A26)

1986  Robert Penn Warren was awarded the post of US poet laureate consultant to the Library of Congress as the name was changed from consultant in poetry.
 (SSFC, 7/13/03, p.A27)

1986  A federal law began allowing the limited collaboration of federal with private companies.
 (WSJ, 6/12/96, p.A10)

1986  The US Supreme Court in the Bethel School District vs. Fraser case ruled in favor of a principal who suspended a student for making an obscene speech.
 (WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A22)

1986  The US Supreme Court ruled that sexual harassment constituted a violation of women's civil rights.
 (SSFC, 7/14/02, p.M6)

1986  Harry Denton, banker from Arkansas, warned Mrs. Clinton in a telephone conversation that there could be a problem with a $370,000 loan from the Madison S&L destined for the Castle Grande real estate deal.
 (SFC, 6/20/96, p.A23)

1986  A consent decree in Philadelphia limited the number of prisoners who could be held in city jails. Over the next 18 months police rearrested 9,732 defendants. In 2002 Ross Sandler and David Schoenbrod authored "Democracy by Decree," a critique of "institutional reform litigation."
 (WSJ, 12/30/02, p.A1)

1986  Gov. Clinton lobbied Little Rock judge and small-business financier David Hale to make a $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal. The Clinton-McDougal relationship was later described by Jim McDougal in the 1998 book "Arkansas Mischief" written with the assistance of Curtis Wilkie, published after McDougal's death in federal prison.
 (WSJ, 6/4/98, p.A16)

1986  Don Lasater, a Little Rock, Arkansas, bond dealer and supporter of then Gov. Clinton, was arrested for cocaine distribution after a probe that also netted Roger Clinton, the brother of Bill Clinton.
 (WSJ, 4/18/96, p.A-18)

1986  In California the Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) program mandated education or job training for AFDC recipients.
 (SFEC, 1/5/97, zone 1 p.5)

1986  The UC Board of Regents agreed to drop all stocks in companies doing business with South Africa.
 (SFC, 12/4/97, p.C8)

1986  Bob Cox, mayor of Fort Lauderdale, began a campaign to end the city's reign as the spring break capital of America. Students moved on to Daytona Beach and later Florida's Panama City.
 (WSJ, 3/19/98, p.A16)

1986  Lawrence Wollersheim was awarded $5 million in damages for mental abuse plus $25 million in punitive damages from the Church of Scientology. The total was later reduced to $2.5 million. In 2002 he received a check for over $8.6 million, which included interest.
 (SFC, 5/10/02, p.A24)

1986  In Florida Robert Rozier, a former NFL football player, changed his name to Neariah Israel and murdered 8 people to prove himself to a sect of Yahweh Ben Yahweh. He testified against the sect, which blamed for at least 23 killings and a series of firebombings, and was freed after 10 years in prison. In 1999 he was arrested for bounding check in California and subject to the "three strikes" sentencing law.
 (SFEC, 3/7/99, p.D4)

1986  KKR (Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.), an investment (leveraged buyout) firm, was founded.
 (WSJ, 12/31/96, p.1)

1986  Uniroyal Inc. chose to liquidate and sold more than $1 billion of subsidiaries. The tire division merged with B.F. Goodrich Co.'s tire division and became Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. The chemical division became Uniroyal Chemical Inc. purchased by Avery Inc.
 (WSJ, 5/28/96, R45)

1986  The US auto industry made record sales with 16.3 million cars and trucks sold.
 (WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)

1986  GM paid Ross Perot $700 million to surrender his stock and leave GM's board.
 (WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)

1986  The Hearst Corp. acquired Esquire Magazine and WCVB-TV in Boston.
 (SFC, 8/7/99, p.A9)

1986  Industry experts in 1996 picked the 1986 Ford Taurus as the number 2 favorite car.
 (WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)

1986  Voyager II flew by Uranus.
 (V.D.-H.K.p.388)

1986  Railway miles in the US totaled 140,000, about half that of 1916.
 (NG, 5/1988, pres. intro)

1986  The A&P company acquired the 140-Waldbaum grocery store chain in New York, Conn. and Mass.
 (SFC, 10/3/96, p.C6)

1986  Craig McCaw sold his cable business to Jack Kent Cooke, owner of the Washington Redskins for $755 million, in order to concentrate on his cellular telephone business. McCaw's story was told in 2000 by O. Casey Cor in "Money From Thin Air."
 (WSJ, 6/14/00, p.A24)

1986  Dockers Khakis introduced its line of clothing.
 (SFEC, 5/31/98, DB p.48)

1986  General Electric Corp. acquired RCA Corp. The consumer electronics business was sold to Thomson and the Sarnoff research labs was donated to SRI of Menlo Park.
 (WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-45)(SFC, 8/2/99, p.B3)

1986  Levi Strauss & Co. introduced Dockers, a line of roomy khakis aimed at baby boomers.
 (WSJ, 5/28/02, p.B1)

1986  Motorola opened shop in Singapore.
 (WSJ, 6/13/96, p.A1)

1986  Microsoft, Oracle and Novell Corporations went public. At its debut Microsoft was worth $519 mil. with just over $85 mil. in revenue for the prior six months.
 (WSJ, 8/9/95, p.C-1)

1986  Maxxam Corp. took over Pacific Lumber Co. for $900 million. The purchase included the acquisition of 3,800 acres of the Headwaters, a stand of old-growth redwood in northern California.
 (WSJ, 5/13/96, p.A-9A)

1986  Thrifty Drugs under Leonard H. Straus (d.1998) merged with Pacific Lighting. The Thrifty Corp. had 555 drugstores and the Big Five sports equipment chain.
 (SFC, 5/9/98, p.A21)

1986  Wells Fargo merged with Crocker National Corp. and Crocker National Bank.
 (SFC, 6/9/98, p.A10)

1986  Dr. Federico Faggin, co-inventor of the microprocessor, founded Synaptics Inc., which specialized in building neural-net devices.
 (WSJ, 12/10/96, p.A22)

1986  PepsiCo acquired the Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) fast food chain.
 (WSJ, 1/24/97, p.B1)

1986  US Steel acquired Texas Oil & Gas and changed its name to USX Corp.
 (WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R46)

1986  Honda began a robot program at a fundamental research center outside Tokyo.
 (WSJ, 9/4/01, p.A1)

1986  Asteroid 3753 was discovered. It was later learned that the 6-mile diameter rock maintains an annual orbit around the sun of one year, like Earth and with some assistance from Earth's gravity.
 (SFC, 6/12/97, p.A6)

1986  K. Alex Muller and J. George Bednorz working at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory discovered that some new ceramics when cooled in liquid nitrogen become superconductors.
 (I&I, Penzias, p.203)

1986  The Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center opened.
 (SFC, 3/9/98, p.A7)

1986  Dr. David Baltimore, a Nobel-winning biologist, published a paper with Thereza Imanishi-Kari in the journal Cell. A lab partner accused Ms. Imanishi-Kari of falsifying data and took her complaints to Congress where Congressman John Dingell made a big case. Internal review cleared the scientists. In 1998 Daniel J. Kevles published an account of the story: "The Baltimore Case."
 (WSJ, 9/9/98, p.A20)

1986  Dr. Mark Bogart at UC San Diego discovered that a fetus with Down's syndrome would exhibit extremely high levels of the hormone HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin. He later tried to obtain royalties from all tests in prenatal screening that used his discovery.
 (SFC, 5/24/97, p.A8)

1986  Scientists isolated the protease enzyme and realized that it could be used to combat HIV due to its crucial role in virus reproduction. Its 3-d structure was announced by Merck in 1989.
 (WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A4)

1986  Dr. Jay Levy at UCSF discovered that the CD-8 lymphocytes secrete an antiviral factor that prevents HIV from replicating.
 (SFEC, 3/8/98, p.W27)

1986  Researchers for muscular dystrophy identified the gene that caused Duchene muscular dystrophy, the most common and fatal childhood form of the disease.
 (SSFC, 9/2/01, Par p.5)

1986  Davina Thompson (d.1998) became the world's first known triple transplant patient when she received a new heart, lungs and liver.
 (SFC, 8/18/98, p.A19)

1986  Mad Cow Disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), was first confirmed in Britain.
 (WSJ, 11/25/98, p.A1)

1986  Robert Slavin of John Hopkins Univ. began his nonprofit Success For All Foundation. It advocated a fixed methodology, invented by Slavin, for teaching reading in troubled schools.
 (WSJ, 7/19/99, p.A1)

1986  Fred Bookstein of the Univ. of Michigan established the use of shape variables in the new field of morphometrics, a technique of measuring biological shape and change.
 (MT, 10/94, p.9)

1986  Over 60,000 US farms were sold or foreclosed in the rural West and Midwest.
 (SFEC, 1/23/00, Z1 p.2)

1986  Great pieces of ice broke from the coast of Antarctica in a process known as calving. The Larsen Ice shelf calved an 8,000 km iceberg, icebergs from the Filchner Ice Shelf combined to 11,500 km.
 (NOHY, Weiner, 3/90, p.77)

1986  In Arcata, Ca., the first constructed sewage treatment marshes went into operation.
 (Hem., 12/96, p.130)

1986  The Potamocorbula clam, or Asian clam, was introduced to the SF Bay. It was highly prolific and proceeded to devour all the plankton in the northern part of the Bay, causing the shrimp population to drop and the striped bass to decline. The clams accumulate selenium more than other shellfish causing increases in selenium levels in sturgeon, striped bass and ducks.
 (SFC,12/11/97, p.A24)

1986  E.O. Wilson held a national forum on biodiversity and produced the subsequent volume "Biodiversity."
 (PacDis, Winter '97, p.52)

1986  An oil spill from the Apex Houston barge killed 9,000 sea birds from San Francisco to Big Sur including 6,000 murres.
 (SFC, 7/21/96, p.B3)

1986  The US EPA reported that 35% of all underground gas tanks were leaking an average of 2,800 gallons of gasoline annually.
 (SSFC, 8/19/01, p.A13)

1986  Lechugilla Cave, a few miles from Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico, was discovered. It was the 5th largest cave in the world and the deepest in the continental US.
 (CW, Fall, 02, p.23)

1986  The European Ruffe fish was first noticed in the Duluth harbor on Lake Michigan.
 (SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A3)

1986  In Edmond, Okla., a disgruntled mail carrier killed 15 people at a post office.
 (WSJ, 8/7/97, p.A12)

1986  Michele Lee Dorr (6) vanished. Her body was found in a park outside of Washington DC in 2000. Hadden Clark (47) was convicted for her murder in Oct 1999 and sentenced to 30 years in prison.
 (SFC, 1/8/00, p.A5)

1986  In this year 600 people died in 30 crashes involving all sizes off commercial passenger and cargo planes. By 1995 the figures doubled.
 (WSJ, 5/13/96, p.A-1)

1986  Herbert W. Armstrong (93), doomsday evangelist, died. In 1933 he began his radio broadcasts in Salem, Ore., and published his 1st Plain Truth magazine in 1934. In 1947 he moved to Pasadena where his "Worldwide Church of God," a radio and TV ministry featured "The World Tomorrow" programs. He excommunicated his son Garner Armstrong (d.2003 at 73) in 1978 for doctrinal disagreements and sexual misconduct. Armstrong rejected the Trinity, regarded Christmas and Easter as pagan holidays and held that Anglo-Saxons are lineal descendants of the lost tribes of Israel.
 (SFC, 9/18/03, p.A21)

1986  Harold Arlen, American songwriter, died. His many song included "Over the Rainbow."
 (WSJ, 6/28/96, p.A7)

1986  Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegalese humanist and scientist, died. [see 1946]
 (Civilization, July-Aug, 1995, p. 34)

1986  Christopher Isherwood, British born author, died of prostate cancer in Santa Monica, Ca. He was best know for his 1935 semi-autobiographical "The Berlin Stories," which was the basis for the 1966 musical Cabaret and made into a 1972 film. His life-partner was painter Don Bachardy. His "Diaries: Volume II, 1939-1960" were published in 1997.
 (SFC, 8/30/96, p.D1)(SFC, 1/16/97, p.E3)(SFC, 5/11/99, p.B6)

1986  Frank Herbert, sci-fi author of "Dune," died. In 1999 Brian Herbert, his son, and Kevin J. Anderson authored "Dune: House Atreides," a prequel to the original.
 (WSJ, 10/8/99, p.W10)

1986  Bernard Malamud (1914-1986), writer, died. His work included "Talking Horse: Bernard Malamud on Life and Work."
 (WSJ, 7/11/96, p.A12)

1986  Georgia O'Keefe, artist (b 11/15/1887), died. She is one of 3 artists covered by Anne Middleton Wagner in "Three Artists (Three Women): Modernism in the Art of Hesse, Krasner and O'Keefe." On 1999 Bram Dijkstra published ""Georgia O'Keefe and the Eros of Place."
 (HFA, '96, p.42)(SFC, 5/12/96, p.T-7)(SFEC, 2/21/99, BR p.12)

1986  In Afghanistan Babrak  Karmal was replaced by Dr. Najibullah.
 (www.afghan, 5/25/98)

1986  Bhutan's first newspaper, the government weekly Kuensel, began publishing. It recorded its first crime in 1989, the same year that the first satellite dish arrived.
 (WSJ, 3/6/97, p.A8)

1986  In Britain the DV8 Physical Theater, a dance-theater ensemble led by Lloyd Newson of Australia, was founded.
 (SFEC,11/2/97, DB p.38)

1986  In Britain the Conservative government enacted a personal pension program that was put into effect in 1988. Higher income workers were allowed to opt out of a government pension plan and manage their own contributions.
 (WSJ, 8/10/98, p.A1)

1986  In Britain Parliament outlawed corporal punishment in public schools. The practice was banned in private schools in 1998.
 (SFC, 1/19/00, p.A12)

1986  In Canada there was a World Exposition in Vancouver.
 (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A1)

1986  Jean-Bedel Bokassa returned to the Central African Republic from exile and was jailed for embezzlement and murder after a trial in which he was accused of cannibalism and infanticide.
 (SFC, 5/22/96, p.A9)(SFC, 10/11/03, p.A2)

1986  In Chile the military discovered a clandestine arms shipment that was traced to Cuba. There were enough arms to support 5,000 men.
 (WSJ, 10/30/98, p.A19)

1986  In China Hua Wenyi, opera soprano, received the Plum Blossom Award, the nation's highest artistic honor. In 1989 she traveled to the US and did not return.
 (SFC, 9/24/97, p.A17)

1986  In China an earthquake destroyed the old Jihong Bridge over the Lancang River.
 (SFEC, 10/6/96, T5)

1986  In Colombia Guillermo Cano, publisher of the Bogota newspaper El Espectador, was assassinated by drug cartel hitmen hired by Pablo Escobar.
 (SFC, 3/22/97, p.A11)(SC, 4/23/99, p.D8)

1986  Colombian cartels shipped 75 metric tons of cocaine into the US.
 (SFEC, 1/23/00, Z1 p.2)

1986  In the Dominican Republic former Pres. Joaquin Balaguer won elections and served for 10 years.
 (SFC, 7/15/02, p.B6)

1986  In the Dominican Republic the site of the 1493 town of La Isabela was named a national park, Solar de las Americas.
 (AM, 7/97, p.54)

1986  A large earthquake hit El Salvador. The US provided $60 million in emergency aid and $98 million in reconstruction funds.
 (SFC, 3/2/01, p.D4)

1986  Patroklos Tselentis, a Greek industrialist, was killed by Nov. 17 militants. In 2003 Dimitris Angelopoulos testified that he drove the getaway motorcycle.
 (AP, 3/26/03)

1986  In Guatemala just days before turning over power to Pres. Cerezo, Gen. Humberto Mejia Victores issued a blanket self-amnesty for acts committed during the 3-year rule of the military government.
 (SFC, 7/5/96, p.A13)

1986  In Guatemala, President Vinicio Cerezo was elected.
 (SFC, 7/5/96, p.A13)

1986  In Jakarta, Indonesia, there were bomb attacks on the US, Japanese and Canadian embassies in Jakarta. Tsutomo Shirosaki, a Japanese Red Army terrorist, was arrested 10 years later.
 (WSJ, 7/2/03, p.A1)

1986  In Italy the first McDonald's Hamburger restaurant opened in Rome.
 (SFEC, 1/23/00, Z1 p.2)

1986  Takako Doi was elected the head of the Socialist Party in Japan and became the first woman to lead a political party there.
 (Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 216)

1986  Ron Arad, an Israeli airman, was the navigator in a plane that was shot down while bombing a Palestinian refugee camp in southern Lebanon. He was reportedly handed over to a Lebanese Shiite group led by Mustafa Dirani.
 (SFEC, 11/17/96, p.A14)

1986  In Latvia a citizen's forum was organized by Mikhail Gorbachev in Jurmala. 2,000 handpicked Communists faced 220 Americans on televised debates shown to the Soviet public.
 (SFEC, 9/15/96, Par p.22)

1986  In Libya the step-daughter of Moammar Gadhafi was killed near Tripoli by US bombing.
 (WSJ, 8/30/00, p.A1)

1986  In Malaysia a law was enacted that prohibited publications of "malicious allegations"  against the government.
 (SFC, 6/11/96, p.A15)

1986  In Mozambique Pres. Samora Machel was killed in a plane crash. He had aided Nelson Mandela's ANC party in fighting apartheid.
 (SFC, 8/20/96, p.A14)

1986  In the Philippines the Communist New People's Army staged Operation Zombie, a bloody purge of suspected informers. In 2001 some 75 bodies were discovered in 8 mass graves at Cagayan de Oro.
 (SFC, 3/30/01, p.D4)

1986  Portugal entered the European Union.
 (SFC, 7/18/03, p.D5)

1986  Soviet dissident Anatoly B. Sharansky was released from a Soviet prison as part of a prisoner exchange between the East and West and soon moved to Israel. He changed his name to Natan Sharansky and became head of the new-immigrants party, Yisrael Ba-Aliya. He later became a deputy PM.
 (AP, 7/14/98)(SFC, 5/4/02, p.A21)

1986  In Taiwan the Democratic Progressive Party was established in opposition to the Nationalist Party and advocated formal independence from China.
 (SFC, 12/1/97, p.A12)

1986  The Sultan Qaboos University opened in Oman.
 (SFC, 5/9/96, p.A-14)

1986  In the Philippines the People Power Uprising took place on Manila's main thoroughfare, later renamed EDSA, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, after one of the revolution's heroes.
 (SFEC, 7/12/98, Z1 p.4)

1986  Corazon Aquino became president of the Philippines and the Marcoses fled to Hawaii. Imelda Marcos left behind her 5,400 shoes.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1986)

1986  In South Africa 10 youths were drugged and then blown to pieces with explosives. In 1999 Abraham Joubert, former special forces commander, testified that he authorized a plan for the slayings submitted by provincial special forces commander Charl Naude.
 (SFC, 4/7/99, p.C12)

1986  In South Africa National Congress supporter Dr. Fabian Ribeiro and his wife, Florence, were assassinated.
 (SFEC, 10/13/96, p.A19)

1986  Spain joined the European Community.
 (WSJ, 5/23/96, p.A-1)

1986  In Spain the Socialist government $30 million and returned 100 properties to the Socialist-leaning General Workers Union. In 1997 the union sought an additional $155 million for hundreds of other properties.
 (SFEC,12/28/97, p.A18)

1986  In Uganda Yoweri Museveni was shown in photographs as a victorious guerrilla leader. Over the next ten years he brought peace and fast economic growth to most of Uganda. He ruled by cooperating on regional issues, pursuing economic reforms, and stifling the opposition with restrictions on political parties.
 (SFC, 5/4/96, p.A-8)

1986  In Uganda the Holy Spirit Movement, a Christian fundamentalist revolt, began under the leadership of Alice Lakwena. The movement was crushed by the army and Lakwena fled to Kenya where she was imprisoned in 1987.
 (SFC, 3/5/97, p.A9)

1986  Vietnam introduced doi moi, a policy of economic renovation, and sparked massive economic change.
 (SFEM, 6/9/96, p.9)

1986-1988 In Japan Kiichi Miyazawa served as finance minister. He presided over a "bubble economy" period of inflated land and stock prices.
 (SFC, 7/31/98, p.A16)

1986-1991 Michael Bruno (1932-1996) was governor of the Bank of Israel.
 (SFC, 12/27/96, p.A24)

1986-1991 In Vietnam Nguyen Van Linh (d.1998) served as the Communist party general-secretary. He urged free-market policies and wrote a newspaper column titled "Things That Must Be Done Immediately." He ended collective farming and loosened government controls over state factories. He ended the decade long occupation of Cambodia and normalized relations with China.
 (SFC, 4/28/98, p.A16)

1986-1996 The 7th Betty Crocker [General Mills advertising icon] made her appearance with a floppy bow tie.
 (WSJ, 7/5/96, p.A6)

1986-1996 The US provided $1.2 billion in aid to Bolivia.
 (WSJ, 12/6/96, p.A12)

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