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1989  Jan 1, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher distanced herself from U.S. vows to punish whoever bombed Pam Am Flight 103, saying in a TV interview that revenge "can affect innocent people."
 (AP, 1/1/99)

1989  Jan 2, PTL founders Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker returned to the television pulpit for the first time in two years, broadcasting from a borrowed house in Pineville, N.C.
 (AP, 1/2/99)

1989  Jan 4, US Navy F-14s shot down 2 Libyan jet fighters over Mediterranean.
 (MC, 1/4/02)

1989  Jan 5, Lawrence E. Walsh, the special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra case, asked for a dismissal of two charges against Oliver North, citing the Reagan administration's refusal to release material sought by North.
 (AP, 1/5/99)

1989  Jan 6, The United States presented photographic evidence to the U.N. Security Council to justify its shootdown of two Libyan jet fighters as self-defense, evidence the Libyan ambassador said was faked.
 (AP, 1/6/99)

1989  Jan 7, Emperor Hirohito of Japan died at age 87 after the longest reign in the history of Japan (1922-89); he was succeeded by Crown Prince Akihito. Heisei, which means Peace and Prosperity, was adopted as the new reign name. For the first time since 1955, the Liberal Democratic Party lost its majority in the Diet's Upper House. In 1989 Edward Behr authored "Hirohito: Behind the Myth." In 2000 Herbert P. Bix authored "Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan." Hirohito was a marine biologist and collector. His work included the illustrated book "Crabs of Sagami Bay."
 (Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 217)(AP, 1/7/98)(WSJ, 8/30/00, p.A24)(WSJ, 5/29/01, p.A20)

1989  Jan 8, "42nd Street" closed at Winter Garden Theater, NYC, after 3,486 performances.
 (MC, 1/8/02)
1989  Jan 8, Forty-seven people were killed when a British Midland Boeing 737-400 carrying 126 passengers crashed in central England. The pilots shut down the good engine and tried to land with a bad one.
 (AP, 1/8/99)(WSJ, 10/3/01, p.A20)
1989  Jan 8, Soviet Union promised to eliminate stockpiles of chemical weapons.
 (MC, 1/8/02)

1989  Jan 9, The Supreme Court agreed to consider the Webster abortion case the same day that Surgeon General C. Everett Koop advised President Reagan he would not issue a report on the health risks of abortion.
 (AP, 1/9/99)

1989  Jan 10, Cuba began withdrawing its troops from Angola, more than 13 years after its first contingents arrived.
 (AP, 1/10/99)

1989  Jan 11, President Reagan bade the nation farewell in an address from the Oval Office.
 (AP, 1/11/99)
1989  Jan 11, A kindergarten student was caught with loaded handgun at a Bronx school.
 (MC, 1/11/02)

1989  Jan 12, President-elect Bush completed the selection of his Cabinet, naming retired Adm. James D. Watkins secretary of energy and former education secretary William J. Bennett drug czar.
 (AP, 1/12/99)
1989  Jan 12, Idi Amin was expelled from Zaire.
 (MC, 1/12/02)

1989  Jan 13, New York City subway gunman Bernhard H. Goetz was sentenced to one year in prison for possessing an unlicensed gun that he used to shoot four youths he said were about to rob him. (He was freed the following September).
 (AP, 1/13/99)
1989  Jan 13, There was a sit-in at SF General Hosp. by ACT-UP to call attention to the difficulty of obtaining foscarnet, a drug to stabilize CMV retinitis, a common AIDS illness that could lead to blindness.
 (SFC, 3/22/97, p.A13)

1989  Jan 14, President Reagan delivered his 331st and last weekly radio address, telling listeners, "Believe me, Saturdays will never seem the same. I'll miss you." In 2001 Peggy Noonan authored the Reagan biography "When character Was King."
 (AP, 1/14/99)(WSJ, 11/15/01, p.A24)

1989  Jan 15, NATO, the Warsaw Pact and 12 other European countries adopted a human rights and security agreement in Vienna, Austria.
 (AP, 1/15/99)

1989  Jan 16, Three days of rioting erupted in Miami when a police officer fatally shot a black motorcyclist, causing a crash that also claimed the life of a passenger.
 (AP, 1/16/99)

1989  Jan 17, Five children were shot to death at the Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, Calif., by a drifter who then killed himself.
 (AP, 1/17/99)

1989  Jan 18, The Supreme Court upheld a tough, year-old sentencing system for people convicted of federal crimes, overruling more than 150 trial judges who had struck down the guidelines.
 (AP, 1/18/99)
1989  Jan 18, Astronomers discovered pulsar in remnants of Supernova 1987A (LMC).
 (MC, 1/18/02)

1989  Jan 19, Pres Reagan pardoned George Steinbrenner for illegal funds for Nixon.
 (MC, 1/19/02)
1989  Jan 19, The Senate Foreign Relations Committee voted unanimously to recommend that the full Senate approve the nomination of James A. Baker to be secretary of state.
 (AP, 1/19/99)

1989  Jan 20, George Bush was sworn in as the 41st president of the United States; Dan Quayle was sworn in as vice president. Reagan became the 1st pres elected in a "0" year, since 1840, to leave office alive.
 (AP, 1/20/99)(MC, 1/20/02)

1989  Jan 21, Former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke led a field of seven candidates in an open primary to advance to a runoff election for a Louisiana state House seat.
 (AP, 1/1/99)

1989  Jan 22, In Super Bowl XXXIII, the San Francisco 49ers came from behind to defeat the Cincinnati Bengals 20-to-16 in Miami's Joe Robbie Stadium.
 (AP, 1/22/99)

1989  Jan 23, A challenge to "Who is a Jew" law was filed in Israeli Supreme Court.
 (MC, 1/23/02)
1989  Jan 23, Surrealist artist Salvador Dali died in his native Spain at age 84. His autobiography was titled "Secret Life of Salvadore Dali." His work included 2 surrealist films made with Luis Bunuel: "Un Chien Andalou" and "L'Age d'Or." In 1984 Rafael Santos Torroella (d.2002 at 88), art historian, authored "La Miel Es Mas Dulce Que La Sangre" (Honey Is Sweeter Than Blood), considered one of the most important studies of Dali’s art. In 1998 Albert Field (d.2003), Dali expert, published his "Official Catalogue of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali." In 1999 Ian Gibson published "The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali."
 (AP, 1/23/99)(WSJ, 1/25/99, p.A16)(SFEC, 7/16/00, p.T4)(SFC, 10/4/02, p.A26)(SFC, 8/15/03, p.A25)

1989  Jan 24, 1st reported case of AIDS transmitted by heterosexual oral sex.
 (MC, 1/24/02)
1989  Jan 24, Confessed serial killer Theodore Bundy was put to death in Florida's electric chair for the 1978 kidnap-murder of 12-year-old Kimberly Leach.
 (AP, 1/24/99)

1989  Jan 25, Michael Jordan scored his 10,000th NBA point in his 5th season.
 (MC, 1/25/02)
1989  Jan 25, The Senate Armed Services Committee opened confirmation hearings on the nomination of John Tower to be secretary of defense.
 (AP, 1/25/99)

1989  Jan 26, L. Douglas Wilder, the lieutenant governor of Virginia, launched his successful campaign to become the first elected black governor of a U.S. state.
 (AP, 1/26/99)

1989  Jan 27, President Bush held an informal White House news conference in which he defended a widely criticized pay raise for Congress scheduled to go into effect the following month.
 (AP, 1/27/99)

1989  Jan 28, In Hungary, official Imre Pozsgay described the 1956 Hungarian Revolution as a popular uprising -- a startling contradiction of the official Communist view that the revolt was a counter-revolution.
 (AP, 1/28/99)

1989  Jan 29, Dow jumped 38.06 and recouped a 508-pt loss since Oct 1987; index at 2,256.43.
 (MC, 1/29/02)
1989  Jan 29, West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl's Christian Democratic Union suffered a major setback in West Berlin municipal elections.
 (AP, 1/29/99)

1989  Jan 30, Former criminal defense lawyer Joel Steinberg was convicted in New York of first-degree manslaughter in the death of his illegally adopted 6-year-old daughter, Lisa.
 (AP, 1/30/99)

1989  Jan 31, Jury selection began in the trial of former National Security Council aide Oliver North, charged in connection with the Iran-Contra affair. He was later convicted on three counts, but those convictions were set aside, and the case was not retried.
 (AP, 1/31/99)
1989  Jan 31, Jack Douglas (80), humorist (My Brother Was an Only Child), died.
 (MC, 1/31/02)

1989  Jan, In South Africa Abu Baker Aswat, a Soweto doctor, was killed. Thulani Dlamini was later convicted and sentenced to 25 years in prison. Dlamini testified in 1997 that Winnie Madikizela Mandela paid him for the murder.
 (SFC, 12/3/97, p.C2)

1989  Jan, In Tibet Choekyi Gyaltsen, the Panchen Lama, died in Tashilumpo Monastery. In 2000 Isabel Hilton authored "The Search for the Panchen Lama."
 (SFEC, 10/7/96, A12)(WSJ, 6/9/00, p.W9)

1989  Feb 1, In his first diplomatic mission of the Bush administration, Vice President Dan Quayle began a trip to Venezuela and El Salvador.
 (AP, 2/1/99)

1989  Feb 2, President Bush met at the White House with Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita, after which both leaders sounded upbeat about U.S-Japanese relations.
 (AP, 2/2/99)

1989  Feb 3, Gen’l. Andres Rodriguez (d.1997 at 73) staged a coup to oust Gen’l. Alfredo Stroessner. Stroessner, president of Paraguay for more than three decades, was overthrown in the military coup.
 (SFC, 4/22/97, p.A3)(AP, 2/3/99)

1989  Feb 4, Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze wrapped up four days of high-level talks in China, the first visit by a Soviet foreign minister in three decades.
 (AP, 2/4/99)

1989  Feb 5, Kareem Abdul-Jabar became the 1st NBA player to score 38,000 points.
 (MC, 2/5/02)
1989  Feb 5, The Soviet Union announced that all but a small rear-guard contingent of its troops had left Afghanistan.
 (AP, 2/5/99)

1989  Feb 6, Lech Walesa began negotiating with Polish government.
 (MC, 2/6/02)
1989  Feb 6, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Barbara W. Tuchman died in Greenwich, Conn., at age 77.
 (AP, 2/6/99)

1989  Feb 7, Bowing to public outrage, both houses of Congress voted to kill their scheduled 51 percent pay increase.
 (AP, 2/7/99)

1989  Feb 8, Jockey Chris Antley began a record of 64 consecutive winning days.
 (MC, 2/8/02)
1989  Feb 8, 144 (145) people were killed when an American-chartered Boeing 707 filled with Italian tourists slammed into fog-covered Santa Maria mountain in the Azores.
 (AP, 2/8/99)(MC, 2/8/02)

1989  Feb 9, President Bush, in his first major speech to Congress, proposed a $1.16 trillion "common sense" budget for fiscal 1990.
 (AP, 2/9/99)

1989  Feb 10, Ron Brown was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee, becoming the first black to head a major U.S. political party.
 (AP, 2/10/99)

1989  Feb 11, Reverend Barbara C. Harris became the first woman consecrated as a bishop in the Episcopal Church, in a ceremony held in Boston.
 (AP, 2/11/99)

1989  Feb 12, The special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra case and the Justice Department reached an agreement on protecting classified materials aimed at allowing the trial of Oliver North to proceed.
 (AP, 2/12/99)
1989  Feb 12, In Belfast Pat Finucane, a lawyer active in the defense of IRA suspects, was shot and killed by a lone gunman as he sat down to dinner with his family at home. The Ulster Defense Association claimed responsibility but nobody was ever charged. In 1999 a report asserted that the British army was linked to the slaying. A suspect (48) was arrested in 1999. In 2003 a London police report said the British Army and police were involved in the murder.
 (SFC, 2/12/99, p.A3)(SFC, 6/24/99, p.A12)(AP, 4/17/03)
1989  Feb 12, 5 Pakistani Moslem rioters were killed protesting the "Satanic Verses" novel.
 (MC, 2/12/02)

1989  Feb 13, The judge in the Iran-Contra trial of Oliver North sent the jury home amid a continuing disagreement between the prosecution and defense over protecting classified materials.
 (AP, 2/13/99)
1989  Feb 13, Salvadoran army attacked Encuentros hospital where they raped and killed patients.
 (MC, 2/13/02)

1989  Feb 14, Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini called on Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of "The Satanic Verses," a novel condemned as blasphemous.
 (AP, 2/14/99)
1989  Feb 14, Union Carbide agreed to pay $470 million to the government of India in a court-ordered settlement of the 1984 Bhopal gas leak disaster.
 (AP, 2/14/99)

1989  Feb 15, The Soviet Union announced that the last of its troops had left Afghanistan, after more than nine years of military intervention.
 (SFC, 9/28/96, p.A8)(AP, 2/15/98)

1989  Feb 16, Investigators in Lockerbie, Scotland, said a bomb hidden inside a radio-cassette player was what brought down Pan Am Flight 103 the previous December, killing all 259 people aboard and 11 on the ground.
 (AP, 2/16/99)

1989  Feb 17, Iran's President Ali Khamenei said Salman Rushdie, author of "The Satanic Verses," could save himself from a death sentence pronounced by Ayatollah Khomeini if he were to apologize for his book, which was regarded as blasphemous.
 (AP, 2/17/99)

1989  Feb 18, Author Salman Rushdie, under a death sentence from Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini for his book "The Satanic Verses," expressed regret for any distress he'd caused Muslims.
 (AP, 2/18/99)

1989  Feb 19, Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini rejected the apology of "Satanic Verses" author Salman Rushdie, exhorting Muslims to "send him to hell" for committing blasphemy.
 (AP, 2/19/99)

1989  Feb 20, Members of the European Economic Community decided to withdraw their top diplomats from Iran to protest Ayatollah Khomeini's order for Muslims to kill author Salman Rushdie.
 (AP, 2/20/99)

1989  Feb 21, President Bush called Ayatollah Khomeini's death warrant against "Satanic Verses" author Salman Rushdie "deeply offensive to the norms of civilized behavior."
 (AP, 2/21/99)
1989  Feb 21, US busted a Chinese ring and captured a record 820 lbs heroin ($1B street value).
 (MC, 2/21/02)

1989  Feb 22, UK physicist Stephen Hawking called Star Wars a "deliberate fraud."
 (MC, 2/22/02)
1989  Feb 22, US authors demonstrated against Iranian death treats at Salman Rushdie, author of "Satanic Rituals."
 (MC, 2/22/02)
1989  Feb 22, The Finnish ministry of Public health installed a sex vacation to thwart stress.
 (MC, 2/22/02)
1989  Feb 22, Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini, who had sentenced author Salman Rushdie to death, said economic sanctions would not change his stance, and that publication of Rushdie's "The Satanic Verses" was a sign from God that Iran should not reach out to the West.
 (AP, 2/22/99)

1989  Feb 23, The Senate Armed Services Committee voted against recommending the nomination of John Tower to become secretary of defense.
 (AP, 2/23/99)

1989  Feb 24, A cargo door blew off a United Air Lines Boeing 747-100 flying near Hawaii; the explosive release of pressure pulled nine passengers to their deaths.
 (AP, 2/24/99)
1989  Feb 24, 150-million-year-old fossil egg, the oldest dinosaur embryo, was found.
 (MC, 2/24/02)
1989  Feb 24, Writer Salman Rushdie was sentenced to death by the Iranian government for writing Satanic Verses.
 (HN, 2/24/99)
1989  Feb 24, A state funeral was held in Japan for Emperor Hirohito, who died the month before at age 87.
 (AP, 2/24/99)

1989  Feb 25, President Bush left Japan, where he had attended the funeral of Emperor Hirohito, and arrived in China for a three-day visit.
 (AP, 2/25/99)

1989  Feb 26, "Jerome Robbins' Broadway" opened at Imperial Theater in NYC for 634 performances.
 (SC, 2/26/02)
1989  Feb 26, Defense Secretary-designate John Tower, dogged by questions about a possible drinking problem, publicly pledged not to drink any alcohol during his term of office if confirmed by the Senate.
 (AP, 2/26/99)
1989  Feb 26, President Bush's visit to China was marred by the refusal of Chinese authorities to allow dissident Fang Lizhi to attend a banquet hosted by Bush.
 (AP, 2/26/99)

1989  Feb 27, President Bush warned of what he called the "fool's gold" of trade protectionism as he addressed South Korea's National Assembly before returning home.
 (AP, 2/27/99)
1989  Feb 27, Konrad Lorenz (85), Austrian zoologist (Nobel 1973), died.
 (MC, 2/27/02)

1989  Feb 28, In Chicago, Richard M. Daley, son of Mayor Richard J. Daley who served as mayor for 21 years, defeated acting Mayor Eugene Sawyer in a Democratic primary election.
 (SFC, 2/24/99, p.A3)(AP, 2/28/99)
1989  Feb 28, Humorist-poet Richard Armour (82) died in Claremont, Calif.
 (AP, 2/28/99)

1989  Feb, The Slovenes formed an opposition party to Communist rule.
 (SFC, 6/11/96, p.A14)

1989  Feb, In Paraguay Gen’l. Andres Rodriguez (d.1997 at 73) staged a coup to oust Gen’l. Alfredo Stroessner.
 (SFC, 4/22/97, p.A3)

1989  Feb, In Venezuela Carlos Andres Peres took office and instituted bold reform plans. Increases in fuel costs and government reforms in Venezuela sparked extensive rioting and looting with hundreds of people killed.
 (WSJ, 4/15/96, p.A-1) (WSJ, 5/22/96, p.A-16)(WSJ, 4/27/98, p.A16)

1989  Mar 1, The Senate overwhelmingly approved Dr. Louis W. Sullivan to be secretary of health and human services and Adm. James D. Watkins to be secretary of energy.
 (AP, 3/1/99)
1989  Mar 1, Ben Johnson's coach testified that Johnson began using steroids in 1981.
 (SC, 3/1/02)
1989  Mar 1, Julianne Phillips and Bruce Springsteen divorced.
 (SC, 3/1/02)
1989  Mar 1, Three teenagers in New Jersey assaulted a mentally retarded girl with a broom and a baseball bat as up to ten classmates watched. They were sentenced to up to 15 years in a youth facility in 1997. In 1997 Prof. Bernard Lefkowitz wrote "Our Guys," an investigation of the events surrounding the crime.
 (SFC, 7/1/97, p.A3)(SFEC,11/16/97, BR p.3)
1989  Mar 1, Comet du Toit at perihelion.
 (SC, 3/1/02)

1989  Mar 2, Madonna's "Like a Prayer" premiered on worldwide Pepsi commercial.
 (SC, 3/2/02)
1989  Mar 2, Exxon Houston ran aground in Hawaii and spilled 117,000 gallons of oil.
 (SC, 3/2/02)
1989   Mar 2, A grenade attack in downtown Panama killed a U.S. soldier and injured 28 other people at the My Place discotheque on Via Espania and Calle 50. [AP posted this event in 1990, the EW posted it in 1989]
 (AP, 3/2/00)(EW)
1989  Mar 2, Representatives from the 12 European Community nations agreed to ban all production of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) by the end of this century.
 (AP, 3/299)

1989  Mar 3, Senate Republican Leader Bob Dole suggested that Defense Secretary-designate John Tower be given the opportunity to appear before the Senate to answer allegations against him.
 (AP, 3/3/99)
1989  Mar 3, Robert McFarlane got a $20,000 fine and 2 years probation for Iran-Contra.
 (SC, 3/3/02)
1989  Mar 3, Machinists struck Eastern Airlines and pilots honored the picket lines.
 (SC, 3/3/02)

1989  Mar 4, Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc. announced a deal valued at $14 million to merge into the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate.
 (AP, 3/4/99)(WSJ, 1/11/00, p.B1)
1989  Mar 4, Eastern Airlines machinists went on strike and were joined by pilots and flight attendants.
 (AP, 3/4/99)

1989  Mar 5, Machinists striking Eastern Airlines withdrew an immediate threat to picket the nation's railroads, after a federal judge issued an order temporarily prohibiting rail workers from honoring the Eastern picket lines.
 (AP, 3/5/99)

1989  Mar 6, With nearly 90 percent of its pilots honoring the picket lines of striking machinists, Eastern Airlines shut down operations on all but three routes.
 (AP, 3/6/99)
1989  Mar 6, Harry Andrews (77), actor (Equus, Helen of Troy, Hill), died.
 (MC, 3/6/02)

1989  Mar 7, Secretary of State James A. Baker III met with Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze in Vienna, Austria. Baker agreed to visit Moscow the following May to discuss prospects for a summit between President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev.
 (AP, 3/7/99)
1989  Mar 7, Iran dropped diplomatic relations with Britain over Salmon Rushdie's book.
 (MC, 3/7/02)

1989  Mar 8, In Lebanon, daily artillery barrages between Christian and Syrian forces and their militia allies began in Beirut; at least 930 people were killed before a cease-fire took hold the following September.
 (AP, 3/8/99)

1989  Mar 9, The Senate rejected President Bush's nomination of John Tower to be defense secretary by a vote of 53-47.
 (AP, 3/9/99)
1989  Mar 9, Eastern Airlines filed for bankruptcy.
 (HN, 3/9/98)
1989  Mar 9, Soviet Union officially submitted to jurisdiction of the World Court.
 (MC, 3/9/02)
1989  Mar 9, Robert Mapplethorpe (42), US photographer, died.
 (MC, 3/9/02)

1989  Mar 10, One day after the Senate rejected the defense secretary nomination of John Tower, President Bush announced he would nominate Wyoming Rep. Dick Cheney, who was later confirmed.
 (AP, 3/10/99)

1989  Mar 11, Former World Bank head John J. McCloy, who had advised several presidents, died in Stamford, Conn., at age 93.
 (AP, 3/11/99)

1989  Mar 12, Some 2,500 veterans and supporters marched at the Art Institute of Chicago to demand that officials remove an American flag placed on the floor as part of a student's exhibit.
 (AP, 3/12/99)

1989  Mar 13, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration began a quarantine of all fruit imported from Chile after traces of cyanide were found in two Chilean grapes.
 (AP, 3/13/99)
1989  Mar 13, The space shuttle Discovery blasted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on a five-day mission.
 (AP, 3/13/99)

1989  Mar 14, In a policy shift, the Bush administration announced an indefinite ban on imports of semiautomatic assault rifles.
 (AP, 3/14/99)

1989  Mar 15, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev convened a two-day meeting of the Communist Party's Central Committee to decide on agricultural reforms.
 (AP, 3/15/99)

1989  Mar 16, The Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee approved sweeping agricultural reforms and elected the party's 100 members to the Congress of People's Deputies, a new legislative body.
 (AP, 3/16/99)

1989  Mar 17, The Senate unanimously confirmed Wyoming Congressman Dick Cheney to be secretary of defense, following the failed nomination of former Sen. John Tower.
 (AP, 3/17/99)

1989  Mar 18, The space shuttle Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California, completing a five-day mission.
 (AP, 3/18/99)

1989  Mar 19, Alfredo Cristiani of the right-wing ARENA party was elected president of El Salvador, defeating Fidel Chavez Mena of the Christian Democratic Party.
 (AP, 3/19/99)
1989  Mar 19, Muslim gunners fire rockets into Christian areas of Lebanon.
 (AP, 3/19/03)

1989  Mar 20, Baseball Commissioner Peter Ueberroth confirmed that his office was investigating "serious allegations" involving Cincinnati Reds Manager Pete Rose. Ueberroth's successor, A. Bartlett Giamatti, later banned Rose from baseball for betting on games.
 (AP, 3/20/99)

1989  Mar 21, Randall Dale Adams, whose conviction for killing a police officer was overturned after the documentary "The Thin Blue Line" challenged evidence, was released from a Texas prison.
 (AP, 3/21/99)

1989  Mar 22, US Supreme Court upheld 1 person 1 vote rule of NYC Board of Estimate.
 (MC, 3/22/02)
1989  Mar 22, National Football League Commissioner Pete Rozelle announced plans to retire.
 (AP, 3/22/99)
1989  Mar 22, Fawn Hall, Oliver North's former secretary, began two days of testimony at North's Iran-Contra trial in Washington.
 (AP, 3/22/99)

1989  Mar 23 Fawn Hall, former secretary to onetime National Security Council aide Oliver North, completed two days of testimony at North’s Iran-Contra trial.
 (AP, 3/23/99)
1989  Mar 23, Joel Steinberg was sentenced to 25 years for killing his adopted daughter.
 (SS, 3/23/02)
1989  Mar 23, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, Univ. of Utah scientists, claimed they had produced atomic fusion at room temperature.
 (SS, 3/23/02)(WSJ, 9/5/03, p.B1)

1989  Mar 24, Good Friday, The nation's worst oil spill occurred as the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran into Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound and began leaking 11 million gallons of crude. The Exxon Valdez struck ground and spilled 10.6 million gallons of oil. The ship was later renamed the Mediterranean and operated between Europe and the Middle East. [Here it says 11 million barrels of crude oil. (SFC, 5/27/96, p.A,15)] Exxon then spent some $2.5 billion to clean up the spill and filed suit against Lloyd’s of London for reimbursement under a $210 million insurance policy. In 1996 a jury in Houston voted that Lloyd’s and some 250 other underwriters should compensate Exxon $250 million. The Exxon Valdez spilled 240,000 barrels of oil in Alaska's Prince William Sound. The Exxon Valdez oil spill fouled approximately 1,000 miles of Alaska shoreline. An estimated 250,000 seabirds were killed.
 (AP, 3/23/97)(TMC, 1994, p.1989)(SFC, 5/5/96, p.A-11)(SFC, 6/11/96, p.A10)(SFEC, 2/8/98, p.T5)(HN, 3/24/98)(HNPD, 8/14/99)

1989  Mar 25, In the wake of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska's chief environmental officer, Dennis Kelso, criticized cleanup efforts as too slow.
 (AP, 3/25/99)

1989  Mar 26, The first free elections took place in the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin was elected. Voters in the Soviet Union filled 1,500 of more than 2,000 seats in the new Congress of People's Deputies, beginning embarrassing defeats for the Communist Party.
 (AP, 3/26/99)(HN, 3/25/98)

1989  Mar 27, Boris N. Yeltsin and other anti-establishment candidates claimed victory in parliamentary elections for the new Congress of People's Deputies.
 (AP, 3/27/99)

1989  Mar 28, President Bush sent three high-ranking officials to Alaska to "take a hard look" at the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound. '
 (AP, 3/28/99)

1989  Mar 29, In the 61st Academy Awards the movie "Rain Man" won Academy Awards for best picture, best director Barry Levinson and best actor Dustin Hoffman; Jodie Foster was named best actress for "The Accused."
 (AP, 3/29/99)(MC, 3/29/02)
1989  Mar 29, 9th Golden Raspberry Awards: Cocktail won.
 (MC, 3/29/02)
1989  Mar 29, I.M. Pei's glass pyramidal entrance to the Louvre opened in Paris.
 (SFC, 6/16/96, T-5)(MC, 3/29/02)
1989  Mar 29, Michael Milken, junk bond king, was indicted in NY for racketeering.
 (MC, 3/29/02)

1989  Mar 30, "The Heidi Chronicles" by Wendy Wasserstein won the Pulitzer Prize for drama; in the journalism category, the Anchorage Daily News won the public service award for its reports on alcoholism and suicide among native Alaskans.
 (AP, 3/30/99)

1989  Mar 31, The FBI announced it would conduct a criminal investigation into the massive oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound.
 (AP, 3/31/99)

1989  Mar, Prairie Meadows racetrack in Polk County near Des Moines, Iowa, opened for business. It lost money until it was converted to a casino in Apr, 1995.
 (WSJ, 6/24/96, B1,11)

1989  Mar, The first versions of HTML that launched the Web appeared. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
 (SFEC, 3/15/98, p.W26)(SFEC, 5/30/99, Z1 p.4)

1989  Mar, Dissident Wei Jingsheng was arrested in the crackdown on the Democracy Wall pro-democracy movement.
 (SFEC,11/16/97, p.A2)

1989  Apr 1, Alaska Gov. Steve Cowper announced that a "strike force" of state officials and local fishermen were taking over some of the cleanup operations following the massive Exxon Valdez oil spill.
 (AP, 4/1/99)

1989  Apr 2, Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev began a visit to Cuba amid differences with President Fidel Castro over the type of reforms Gorbachev was instituting in the Soviet Union.
 (AP, 4/2/99)

1989  Apr 3, The University of Michigan Wolverines won the NCAA championship by defeating Seton Hall in overtime, 80-79.
 (AP, 4/3/99)

1989  Apr 4, Democrat Richard M. Daley was elected mayor of Chicago, defeating Republican Edward R. Vrdolyak and independent Timothy C. Evans.
 (AP, 4/4/99)

1989  Apr 5, Joseph Hazelwood, former captain of the Exxon Valdez supertanker that leaked nearly 11 million gallons of oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound, surrendered to authorities in New York.
 (AP, 4/5/99)

1989  Apr 5, The government of Poland signed an agreement restoring the independent labor movement Solidarity after a seven-year ban.
 (AP, 4/5/99)

1989  Apr 6, Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in London, holding daylong talks that were characterized as argumentative, but friendly.
 (AP, 4/6/99)

1989  Apr 7, A week after the Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster, President Bush pledged federal assistance to help in the clean-up.
 (AP, 4/7/99)
1989  Apr 7, A Soviet nuclear-powered submarine, the Komsomolets, caught fire and sank in the Norwegian Sea, claiming 42 of 69 lives.
 (AP, 4/7/99)(SFC, 8/14/00, p.A13)

1989  Apr 8, The Soviet Union acknowledged that one of its nuclear submarines, the Komsomolets, caught fire and sank 210 miles north of Norway the day before. 42 of 69 lives were reported lost.
 (AP, 4/8/99)(SFC, 8/14/00, p.A13)

1989  Apr 9, Hundreds of thousands of people marched in Washington, D.C, demanding continued access to safe and legal abortion.
 (AP, 4/9/99)
1989  Apr 9, Boxer Mike Tyson struck a parking attendant when asked to move his car.
 (MC, 4/9/02)
1989  Apr 9, Troops under Gen’l Lebed killed 18 protestors, including 16 women and children, in Tbilisi, Georgia. Colonel Gen’l. Igor Rodionov ordered troops to break up anti-Kremlin protests in Tbilisi.
 (WSJ, 6/18/96, p.A12)(SFC, 6/26/96, p.A11)(WSJ, 8/7/96, p.A15)

1989  Apr 10, Federal drug czar William J. Bennett unveiled details of the Bush administration's plan for fighting drug abuse and drug-related crime in the nation's capital.
 (AP, 4/10/99)
1989  Apr 10, H.J. Heinz, Van Camp Seafood and Bumble Bee Seafood said they would not buy tuna caught in nets that also trap dolphins.
 (MC, 4/10/02)

1989  Apr 11, Mexican officials unearthed the remains of 12 of 13 victims of a drug-trafficking cult near Matamoros. The dead included University of Texas student Mark Kilroy, who had disappeared while on spring break.
 (AP, 4/11/99)

1989  Apr 12, Abbie Hoffman (52), radical activist, was found dead at his home in New Hope, Penn. He suffered from bipolar mental illness that was only diagnosed in 1980. In 1996 Jonah Raskin wrote: "For the Hell of It: The Life and Times of Abbie Hoffman." In 1994 Jack Hoffman, Abbie’s brother, wrote a biography, as did Marty Jezer in 1992. His wife, Anita, died in 1998. She wrote "Trashing," a fictional memoir of her activity as a Yippie. In 1999 Larry Sloman published "Steal This Dream: Abbie Hoffman and the Countercultural Revolution in America."
 (SFC, 12/29/96, BR p.5,6)(SFC, 12/31/98, p.D4)(SFEC, 2/14/99, BR p.7) (AP, 4/12/99)
1989  Apr 12, Former middleweight boxing champion Sugar Ray Robinson died in Culver City, Calif., at age 67.
 (AP, 4/12/99)

1989  Apr 13, House Speaker Jim Wright delivered an emotional defense of his conduct against ethics charges, declaring he would "fight to the last ounce of conviction and energy" he possessed.
 (AP, 4/13/99)

1989  Apr 14, Testimony concluded in the Iran-Contra trial of former National Security Council staff member Oliver L. North.
 (AP, 4/14/99)
1989  Apr 14, Former winery worker Ramon Salcido killed 6 relatives, including his wife and daughters, and a co-worker in Sonoma County. He was tried and convicted in Oct. 1990 by Judge Littrell (d.1997) and sentenced to death. In 1997 Salcedo was still on death row with his case in the appeal process.
 (SFC, 1/31/97, p.E2)(AP, 4/14/99)
1989  Apr 14, The 1,100,000,000th Chinese was born.
 (MC, 4/14/02)

1989  Apr 15, 95 people died in a crush of soccer fans at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England.
 (AP, 4/15/97)
1989  Apr 15, In China Hu Yaobang, former party chief, died.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)
1989  Apr 15, In China thousands of students in Shanghai and Beijing took to the streets to mourn the death of Hu Yaobang; the protests culminated in the June 5 Tiananmen Square massacre.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)(AP, 4/15/99)

1989  Apr 16, Spain's ambassador to Lebanon (Pedro Manuel de Aristegui) was killed by shellfire that broke out between Christian militiamen and an alliance of Syrian and Muslim gunners.
 (AP, 4/16/99)

1989  Apr 17, The House Ethics Committee released its report accusing Speaker Jim Wright of violating House rules on the acceptance of gifts and outside income -- charges denied by the Texas Democrat.
 (AP, 4/17/99)
1989  Apr 17, Maximum NY State unemployment benefits were raised to $245 per week.
 (MC, 4/17/02)
1989  Apr 17, Solidarity in Poland was legalized.
 (HFA, '96, p.28)

1989  Apr 18, Thousands of Chinese students demanding democracy tried to storm Communist Party headquarters in Beijing.
 (AP, 4/18/99)

1989  Apr 19, A female jogger (28) was raped and beaten in Central Park and 6 teen-agers were later charged in the near-fatal attack; 5 black and Latino youths (14-16) were convicted in a case that attracted worldwide headlines. In 2002 DNA evidence identified Matias Reyes (31) as the rapist. 3,254 other rapes were reported in the park in 1989.
 (NG, 5/93, p.16)(AP, 4/19/99)(SFC, 9/6/02, p.A3)
1989  Apr 19, The battleship USS Iowa's number 2 turret exploded while on maneuvers northeast of Puerto Rico. 47 sailors were killed and a $4 million investigation was launched .The Navy attempted to lay the blame on Clayton Hartwig, a seaman described as gay soldier disappointed in a gay affair. In 1999 Charles C. Thompson II published "A Glimpse of Hell: The Explosion of the USS Iowa and Its Cover-Up."
 (AP, 4/19/97)(SFEC, 6/13/99, BR p.1,8)(HN, 4/19/00)
1989  Apr 19, Daphne Du Maurier (82), English writer (Rebecca, Jamaica Inn), died.
 (MC, 4/19/02)

1989  Apr 20, Ramon Salcido, a California winery worker later convicted of killing six relatives and a co-worker, was deported from Mexico to the U.S.
 (AP, 4/20/99)
1989  Apr 20, The case of Oliver North went to the jury in his Iran-Contra trial.
 (AP, 4/20/99)

1989  Apr 21, Tens of thousands of people crowded into Beijing's Tiananmen Square, cheering students who waved banners demanding greater political freedoms.
 (AP, 4/21/99)

1989  Apr 22, Nolan Ryan struck out his 5,000th batter, Rickey Henderson.
 (MC, 4/22/02)
1989  Apr 22, Huey Newton (47), US Black Panther leader, was shot dead.
 (MC, 4/22/02)
1989  Apr 22, The Xinhua News Agency reported the first outbreak of violence stemming from China's pro-democracy protests, in the provincial capital of Xian.
 (AP, 4/22/99)

1989  Apr 23, Troy Aikman of UCLA became the first player chosen in the NFL draft in New York City as he was selected by the Dallas Cowboys.
 (AP, 4/23/99)
1989  Apr 23, Students in Beijing China announced class boycotts.
 (MC, 4/23/02)

1989  Apr 24, President Bush led a memorial service at the Norfolk Naval Station in Virginia for the 47 sailors killed in a gun-turret explosion aboard the USS Iowa.
 (AP, 4/24/99)
1989  Apr 24, Richard M. Daley was inaugurated as the 45th mayor of Chicago.
 (AP, 4/24/99)
1989  Apr 24, Thousands of students went on strike in Beijing.
 (HN, 4/24/98)

1989  Apr 25, Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita announced his resignation in order to take responsibility for his involvement in Japan's Recruit stock scandal.
 (AP, 4/25/99)

1989  Apr 26, Lucille Ball (b.1911), Actress-comedian and star of I Love Lucy, died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles at age 77. She left behind a manuscript that was published in 1996 titled "Love, Lucy." "The tremendous drive and dedication necessary to succeed in any field... often seems to be rooted in a disturbed childhood." In 1993 Tom Gilbert wrote :"The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz." Lucille Ball was married to Gary Morton (d.1999 at 74) for 29 years. In 2003 Stefan Kanfer authored "Ball of Fire: The Tumultuous Life and Comic Art of Lucille Ball."
 (SFC, 9/23/96, D1)(SFC, 4/1/99, p.C4)(AP, 4/26/99)(WSJ, 8/15/03, p.W10)

1989  Apr 27, In China more than 150,000 students and workers calling for democracy marched, cheered and sang as they took over Tiananmen Square in central Beijing.
 (HN, 4/27/98)(AP, 4/27/99)

1989  Apr 28, President Bush announced the U.S. and Japan had concluded a deal on joint development of a new Japanese jet fighter, the FSX, despite concerns that U.S. technology secrets would be given away.
 (AP, 4/28/99)
1989  Apr 28, Argentina, hit by rocketing inflation, ran out of money.
 (MC, 4/28/02)
1989  Apr 28, Iran denounced the sale of "Satanic Verses" by Salman Rushdie and put a bounty of his head.
 (MC, 4/28/02)

1989  Apr 29, In a sign that student demonstrators in Beijing had gained influence, China's government conducted informal talks with leaders of the democracy protests, and then televised the discussions.
 (AP, 4/29/99)

1989  Apr 30, President Bush attended a parade in New York City celebrating the bicentennial of the American presidency.
 (AP, 4/30/99)
1989  Apr 30, Sergio Leone (60), Italian director (Good, Bad & Ugly), died.
 (MC, 4/30/02)

1989  May 1, The Supreme Court ruled that an employer has the legal burden of proving that its refusal to hire or promote someone is based on legitimate and not discriminatory reasons.
 (AP, 5/1/99)
1989  May 1, The 135 acre Disney's MGM studio officially opened to public.
 (MC, 5/1/02)

1989  May 2, At a Baltimore gathering, physicists said they were persuaded that claims of "cold fusion" were based on nothing more than experimental errors by scientists in Utah.
 (AP, 5/2/99)
1989  May 2, California announced that San Jose had passed San Francisco in population. In 2003 the Census Bureau decided to rank San Jose as the seat of the Bay Area.
 (SFEC, 5/30/99, Z1 p.4)(SFC, 7/18/03, p.A1)

1989  May 3, An Israeli soldier, Ilan Saadon, disappeared while hitchhiking north of the Gaza Strip. He was said to have been kidnapped by Hamas militants. In 1996 his bones were unearthed south of Tel Aviv.
 (SFC, 8/12/96, p.C1)
1989  May 3, PLO leader Yasser Arafat, ending a two-day visit to France, said the PLO charter calling for the destruction of Israel had been "superseded" by a declaration urging peaceful coexistence of the Jewish state and a Palestinian state.
 (AP, 5/3/99)
1989  May 3, Christine Jorgensen (62), 1st transsexual, died.
 (MC, 5/3/02)

1989  May 4, Fired White House aide Oliver North was convicted of shredding documents and two other crimes and acquitted of nine other charges stemming from the Iran-Contra affair. The 3 convictions were later overturned on appeal.
 (AP, 5/4/99)
1989  May 4, US launched Magellan to Venus.
 (MC, 5/4/02)

1989  May 5, A federal judge ordered sweeping changes in the FBI's promotion system, months after the judge found that the bureau had systematically discriminated against its Hispanic employees in advancements and assignments.
 (AP, 5/5/99)

1989  May 6, Sunday Silence scored an upset victory over Easy Goer in the 115th Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs.
 (AP, 5/6/99)

1989  May 7, Both sides claimed victory in Panama's national elections, with the opposition also charging a pattern of fraud. Panamanian voters rejected dictator Manuel Noriega's bid for reelection.
 (AP, 5/7/99)(MC, 5/7/02)
1989  May 7, Guy Williams (65), actor (Zorro, Lost in Space), died in Argentina.
 (MC, 5/7/02)

1989  May 8, Former President Carter, a leader of an international team observing Panama's elections, declared that the armed forces were defrauding the opposition of victory.
 (AP, 5/8/99)

1989  May 9, President Bush complained that Panama's elections were marred by "massive irregularities," and he called for worldwide pressure on General Manuel Antonio Noriega to step down as military leader.
 (AP, 5/9/99)
1989  May 9, VP Quayle said in United Negro College Fund speech: "What a waste it is to lose one's mind" instead of "a mind is terrible thing to waste."
 (MC, 5/9/02)

1989  May 10, In Panama, the government of Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega announced it had nullified the country's elections, which independent observers said the opposition had won by a 3-1 margin.
 (AP, 5/10/99)

1989  May 11, President Bush ordered nearly 2,000 troops to invade Panama.
 (MC, 5/11/02)
1989  May 11, Kenya announced that it would seek a worldwide ban on the trade of ivory -- a move intended to preserve its fast-dwindling elephant herds.
 (AP, 5/11/99)

1989  May 12, "Entertainment Tonight" performed their 2,000th TV performance.
 (MC, 5/12/02)
1989  May 12, The nation's largest airline computer reservation system, the American Airlines Sabre system, shut down for nearly 12 hours, disrupting the operations of thousands of travel agencies nationwide.
 (AP, 5/12/99)
1989  May 12, Last graffiti covered NYC subway car was retired.
 (MC, 5/12/02)
1989  May 12, Joe Valdez Cabalerro, creator of the hard shell taco, died at 81.
 (SC, Internet, 10/12/97)

1989  May 13,  Minn. Twin Kirby Puckett became the 35th to hit 4 doubles in a game.
 (SS, Internet, 5/13/97)
1989  May 13, In unusually strong language, President Bush called on the people of Panama and the country's defense forces to overthrow their military leader, Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega.
 (AP, 5/13/99)
1989  May 13,  Trinidad & Tobago tied the US 1-1, in 3rd round of 1990 world soccer cup.
 (SS, Internet, 5/13/97)
1989  May 13,  Approx. 2,000 students began a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square, China.
 (SS, Internet, 5/13/97)

1989  May 14, Moonlighting, TV Crime Drama, last aired on ABC.
 (MC, 5/14/02)
1989  May 14, Peronist candidate Carlos Saul Menem won Argentina's presidential election. He was a Muslim who converted to Catholicism, which was previously a requirement for the presidency. The annual inflation rate was 5000%.
 (WSJ, 12/12/95, p.A-15)(Hem., 1/96, p.11)(SFC, 12/24/96, p.A8)(AP, 5/14/99)
1989  May 14, Demonstration for democratic reforms took place in Beijing's Tiananmen square.
 (MC, 5/14/02)

1989  May 15, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev arrived in Beijing for the first Sino-Soviet summit in 30 years, a visit overshadowed by pro-democracy demonstrations led by Chinese students.
 (AP, 5/15/99)

1989  May 15-18, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev visited Peking to mend the 30-year Sino-Soviet rift.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)

1989  May 16, During his visit to Beijing, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev met with Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, formally ending a 30-year rift between the two Communist powers.
 (AP, 5/16/99)

1989  May 17, Vincent Van Gogh's "Portrait of Dr Gachet" was auctioned for $825M.
 (MC, 5/17/02)
1989  May 17, The longest cab ride ever covered 14,000 miles and cost $16,000.
 (MC, 5/17/02)
1989  May 17, Robert Webber (74), actor (Nuts, SOB, Assassin, 10), died.
 (MC, 5/17/02)
1989  May 17, More than 1 million people swarmed into central Beijing to express support for Chinese students fasting for democracy.
 (AP, 5/17/99)
1989  May 17, A court in Frankfurt, West Germany, sentenced Mohammed Ali Hamadi to life in prison for his role in the 1985 TWA hijacking.
 (AP, 5/17/99)

1989  May 18, In China a million protestors filled Tiananmen Square.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)
1989  May 18, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev concluded his historic visit to China, which officially marked the end of a 30-year Sino-Soviet rift.
 (AP, 5/18/99)

1989  May 19, The NCAA announced sanctions against the University of Kentucky's basketball program for recruiting and academic violations.
 (AP, 5/19/99)
1989  May 19, On Wall Street, the Dow Jones Industrial Average passed the 2500 mark, ending the day at 2,501.10.
 (DT, 5/19/97)(AP, 5/19/99)

1989  May 20, Comedian Gilda Radner died in Los Angeles at age 42.
 (AP, 5/20/99)
1989  May 20, China declared martial law in Beijing. During the pro-democracy protests, Beijing officials ordered CBS and CNN to end their live on-scene reports.
 (AP, 5/20/99)(MC, 5/20/02)

1989  May 21, Thousands of native Chinese marched in Hong Kong, Paris, Tokyo and scores of other cities in a worldwide show of support for the pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing.
 (AP, 5/21/99)

1989  May 22, More than 100 top Chinese military leaders vowed to refrain from entering Beijing to suppress pro-democracy demonstrations.
 (AP, 5/22/99)

1989  May 23, An estimated 1 million people in Beijing and tens of thousands in other Chinese cities marched to demand that Premier Li Peng resign.
 (AP, 5/23/99)

1989  May 24, The film "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" premiered.
 (MC, 5/24/02)
1989  May 24, China's top army command published a letter strongly supporting hard-line Premier Li Peng, who was reportedly locked in a power struggle with rival factions who opposed his strong stance against student protesters.
 (AP, 5/24/99)
1989  May 24, French war criminal Paul Touvier was arrested in a monastery in Nice.
 (MC, 5/24/02)

1989  May 25, Weird Al Yankovic recorded "She Drives Like Crazy."
 (SC, 5/25/02)
1989  May 25, Eastern Airlines graduated its 1st class of non-union pilots.
 (SC, 5/25/02)
1989  May 25, The Calgary Flames won their first Stanley Cup by defeating the Montreal Canadiens in game six of their championship series.
 (AP, 5/25/99)
1989  May 25, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected Executive President in the Soviet Union.
 (SC, 5/25/02)

1989  May 26, Reports began circulating that House Majority Whip Tony Coelho would resign to spare himself and the Democratic Party the ordeal of an investigation into his ethics.
 (AP, 5/26/99)
1989  May 26, Danish parliament allowed legal marriage among homosexuals.
 (MC, 5/26/02)

1989  May 27, Leaders of the Chinese student protest movement proposed that demonstrators hold one more rally, then end their occupation of Tiananmen Square, an idea that was later abandoned.
 (AP, 5/27/99)

1989  May 28, Emerson Fittipaldi of Brazil won the Indianapolis 500 auto race.
 (AP, 5/28/99)

1989  May 29, Student protesters in Tiananmen Square China constructed a replica of the Statue of Liberty.
 (SC, 5/29/02)
1989  May 29, Bowing to public demand, the Supreme Soviet allowed Boris N. Yeltsin to take a seat in the standing legislature.
 (AP, 5/29/99)

1989  May 30, U.S. Rep. Claude Pepper, D-Fla., a champion of the nation's elderly, died in Washington at age 88.
 (AP, 5/30/99)
1989  May 31, Charles A. Hufnagel (72), artificial heart valve pioneer, died.
 (MC, 5/31/02)
1989  May 30, Student demonstrators at Tiananmen Square in Beijing erected a 33-foot statue they called the "Goddess of Democracy."
 (AP, 5/30/99)
1989  May 30, In Brazil landless farmer-workers stormed a farm in the state of Espirito Santo to pressure for agrarian reform. Jose Machado, the owner, opened fire with hired guns. Machado and a hired off-duty policeman were killed and four squatters were injured. In 1997 Jose Rainha, a land reform advocate, was sentenced to 26.5 years in prison for the killing. Rainha argued that he was in another state with witnesses and that the squatters acted in self defense but was still convicted in a 4-3 vote.
 (SFC, 6/12/97, p.A14)

1989  May 31, House Speaker Jim Wright, dogged by questions about his ethics, announced he would resign. Thomas Foley succeeded him.
 (AP, 5/31/99)

1989  May, The Franklin Mills mega-mall opened in Philadelphia.
 (SFC, 5/27/97, p.A15)

1989  May, In Washington DC a 7-year-old boy was raped, stabbed and castrated by a repeat sex offender. The event gave rise to the nation’s first civil commitment law for sex offenders.
 (SFEC, 6/29/97, p.A8)

1989  May, Afghanistan guerrillas elect Sibhhatullah Mojadidi as head of their government-in-exile.
 (www.afghan, 5/25/98)

1989  May, In Papua New Guinea fighting on Bougainville Island forced the closure of Bougainville Copper,  one of the world’s ten largest copper mines. It was jointly owned by RTZ-CRA and the government. Part of the cause for the civil war was environmental damage caused by the huge Panguna copper mine and insufficient land royalties paid to landowners.
 (WSJ, 3/4/97, p.A15)(SFC, 10/10/97, p.A13)(WSJ, 3/18/98, p.A14)

1989  May, In Paraguay the first free presidential elections in 35 years elected Andres Rodriguez as president.
 (SFC, 4/22/97, p.A15)

1989  Jun 1, Former Sunday school teacher John E. List, sought for 18 years in the slayings of his mother, wife and three children in Westfield, N. J., was arrested in Richmond, Va. List was later sentenced to life in prison.
 (AP, 6/1/99)

1989  Jun 2, President Bush returned from a European trip, calling it "a triumph of hope" for a world moving beyond the Cold War.
 (AP, 6/2/99)
1989  Jun 2, 10,000 Chinese soldiers were blocked by 100,000 citizens protecting students demonstrating for democracy in Tiananmen Square, Beijing
 (HN, 6/2/99)
1989  Jun 2, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan told a joint session of the US Congress that Pakistan does not have nuclear weapons.
 (SFC, 11/6/96, p.A21)

1989  Jun 3, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (89), Iran's spiritual and supreme  leader, died.
 (AP, 6/3/97)(SFC, 8/15/97, p.A15)(MC, 6/3/02)

1989  Jun 3-4, In China troops entered Beijing. They fired into the crowd at Tiananmen Square and killed at least hundreds of demonstrators.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)

1989  Jun 4, "Jerome Robbins's Broadway" won best musical at the 43rd annual Tony Awards; "The Heidi Chronicles" by Wendy Wasserstein won best play.
 (AP, 6/4/99)
1989  Jun 4, Largest parade in Bronx history honored its 350th anniversary.
 (MC, 6/4/02)
1989  Jun 4, In China hundreds -- possibly thousands -- of people died as Chinese army troops stormed Beijing to crush the pro-democracy movement. A surge in imports and loose money supplied fuel for a potent mix of corruption and double-digit inflation. Hundreds of thousands of discontented Chinese took to the streets of Beijing, demanding more reform - but the military crushed the protests in the Tiananmen Square crackdown. Zhao Ziyang was ousted. The West and Japan cut off aid. Bao Tong was the only Communist Party official arrested in the Tiananmen Square uprising. He was released with ill-health in 1996. Han Dongfang, leader of China’s first independent trade union spent 22 months behind bars for his role in the pro-democracy uprising. Ren Wanding was also again jailed for giving speeches in the pro-democracy protests.
 (WSJ 12/10/93)(SFC, 5/28/96, p.A6)(SFC, 6/4/96, p.A11)(SFC, 6/10/96, C2)(AP, 6/4/97)
1989  Jun 4, Eastern Europe's 1st somewhat free election in 40 years was held in Poland.
 (MC, 6/4/02)
1989  Jun 4, A gas explosion in the Soviet Union engulfed two passing trains, killing 645.
 (AP, 6/4/97)

1989  Jun 5, Chinese soldiers slaughtered pro-democracy students at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. In one of the most remembered images of China's crushed pro-democracy movement, a lone man stood defiantly in front of a line of tanks in Beijing until friends pulled him out of the way. In 2001 "The Tiananmen Papers," a book based on classified documents smuggled out of China, was published. Zhang Liang was the pseudonym of the compiler.
 (HN, 6/5/99)(AP, 6/5/99)(SFC, 1/6/01, p.A7)(SFCM, 3/18/01, p.4)

1989  Jun 6, On Capitol Hill, Thomas Foley was elected the 49th speaker of the House of Representatives.
 (AP, 6/6/99)
1989  Jun 6, Burial services were held for Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
 (AP, 6/6/99)

1989  Jun 7, Atlanta Fulton County Comm. approved a $210M stadium for the Falcons.
 (SC, 6/7/02)
1989  Jun 7, 169 people were killed when a Suriname Airways airplane crashed in a tropical forest near the Paramaribo airport.
 (AP, 6/7/99)

1989  Jun 8, Chinese Premier Li Peng appeared on TV, praising a group of army soldiers, apparently for their role in crushing the student-led pro-democracy movement.
 (AP, 6/8/99)

1989  Jun 9, China began reporting large-scale arrests in the wake of the crushed pro-democracy movement. The arrests coincided with the public reappearance of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, who was rumored to have been seriously ill.
 (AP, 6/9/99)

1989  Jun 11, The government of China issued a warrant for the arrest of dissident Fang Lizhi, who had taken refuge inside the U.S. Embassy in Beijing.
 (AP, 6/11/99)

1989  Jun 12, The Supreme Court expanded the abilities of white males to challenge court-approved affirmative action plans, even years after they take effect.
 (AP, 6/12/99)

1989  Jun 13, The Detroit Pistons won their first National Basketball Association title, sweeping the Los Angeles Lakers in four games.
 (AP, 6/13/99)

1989  Jun 14, Former President Reagan received an honorary knighthood from Britain's Queen Elizabeth II.
 (AP, 6/14/99)
1989  Jun 14, House Democrats chose Richard Gephardt to be majority leader and William H. Gray to be majority whip, the highest leadership position in Congress held by an African American.
 (AP, 6/14/99)(HN, 6/14/99)
1989  Jun 14, Congressman William Gray, an African American, was elected Democratic Whip of the House of Representatives.
 (HN, 6/14/02)
1989  Jun 14, Actress Zsa Zsa Gabor was arrested for slapping a Beverly Hills motorcycle patrolman.
 (AP, 6/14/99)

1989  Jun 15, Three Chinese workers in Shanghai were sentenced to death for helping to set fire to a train during recent pro-democracy protests.
 (AP, 6/15/99)

1989  Jun 16, Hungarians paid homage to former premier Imre Nagy and four associates executed in 1958 for leading the anti-Soviet revolt of 1956.
 (AP, 6/16/99)(MC, 6/16/02)

1989  Jun 17, In China's crackdown on the pro-democracy movement, eight people were sentenced to death for allegedly beating soldiers and burning vehicles in Beijing.
 (AP, 6/17/99)

1989  Jun 18, John Wayne Bobbitt married Lorena L Gallo. [see Jan 10, 1994]
 (MC, 6/18/02)
1989  Jun 18, Greek Premier Andreas Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement suffered a defeat as the center-right New Democracy Party finished first in general elections.
 (AP, 6/18/99)

1989  Jun 19, Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose sued baseball, arguing that Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti should be prevented from hearing allegations that Rose had gambled on baseball games.
 (AP, 6/19/99)
1989  Jun 19, Isidore Feinstein Stone (81), author (I F Stone's Weekly), died.
 (MC, 6/19/02)
1989  Jun 19, The government of Burma renamed the country Myanmar. Rangoon was renamed Yangon.
 (SFC, 5/7/02, p.A9)

1989  Jun 20, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev greeted the speaker of Iran's parliament, Hashemi Rafsanjani, who was visiting Moscow.
 (AP, 6/20/99)

1989  Jun 21, The Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag as a form of political protest is protected by the First Amendment.
 (AP 6/21/97)

1989  Jun 22, The government of Angola and the anti-Communist rebels of the UNITA movement agreed to a formal truce in their 14-year-old civil war.
 (AP, 6/22/99)

1989  Jun 23, The movie "Batman" premiered.
 (MC, 6/23/02)
1989  Jun 23, The Supreme Court refused to shut down the "dial-a-porn" industry, ruling Congress had gone too far in passing a law banning all sexually oriented phone message services.
 (AP, 6/23/99)

1989  Jun 24, In China Communist Party general secretary Zhao Ziyang was ousted for allegedly supporting the protests. Jiang Zemin became the third hand-picked successor to Deng Xiaoping. Deng resigned from his last official post.
 (SFC, 2/20/96, p.A4)(AP, 6/24/99)

1989  Jun 25, A judge in Cincinnati temporarily blocked a hearing by baseball Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti into allegations that Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose had gambled on baseball games.
 (AP, 6/25/99)

1989  Jun 26, The Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty may be imposed for murderers who committed their crimes as young as age 16, and for mentally retarded killers as well.
 (AP, 6/26/99)

1989  Jun 27, President Bush, criticizing a Supreme Court decision upholding the right to desecrate the American flag as a form of political protest, called for a constitutional amendment to protect the Stars and Stripes.
 (AP, 6/27/99)

1989  Jun 28, China's new Communist Party chief, Jiang Zemin, said his government would show no mercy to leaders of the crushed pro-democracy movement, which he termed a "counterrevolutionary rebellion."
 (AP, 6/28/99)

1989  Jun 29, The U.S. House of Representatives voted unanimously in favor of new sanctions against China because of its crackdown on the pro-democracy movement.
 (AP, 6/29/99)

1989  Jun 30, NY State Legislature passed the Staten Island secession bill.
 (MC, 6/30/02)
1989  Jun 30, General Wojciech Jaruzelski announced he would not run for Poland's new presidency, saying the people viewed him as the man who imposed martial law.
 (AP, 6/29/99)
1989  Jun 30, In Sudan the elected coalition government was overthrown. The Umma Party and the Democratic Union party established bases in Cairo and Eritrea and later allied with rebel groups that included the Southern People's Liberation Party.
 (SFC, 12/29/98, p.A6)

1989  Jun, In Greece political scandals and a messy divorce forced Papandreou and his party from office.
 (SFC, 6/23/96, p.B6)

1989  Jul 1, "Playboy" magazine founder Hugh Hefner married Kimberley Faye Conrad at his mansion in Los Angeles. The couple separated in 1998.
 (AP, 7/1/99)
1989  Jul 1, The Montreal Protocol, which was an international treaty dealing with ozone-destroying pollutants, went into effect. The treaty sought to cut in half production of chemicals posing the greatest risk to ozone.
 (HNQ, 8/11/99)

1989  Jul 2, Andrei Gromyko (79), former Soviet Foreign Minister died in Moscow.
 (AP, 7/2/99)

1989  Jul 3, By a 5-4 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld abortion restrictions in the state of Missouri. The court ruled that states do not have to provide funds for abortions
 (AP, 7/3/9)(MC, 7/3/02)
1989  Jul 3, The movie "Batman," set a record of quickest $100 million (10 days).
 (MC, 7/3/02)
1989  Jul 3, Jim Backus (76), actor (Magoo, Gilligan's Island), died of pneumonia.
 (MC, 7/3/02)

1989  Jul 4, 14 year old actress Drew Barrymore, attempted suicide.
 (Maggio)
1989  Jul 4, Unmanned Russian Mig-23 crashed in Bellegem-Kooigem, Belgium, and 1 person died.
 (Maggio)
1989  Jul 4, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev arrived in France for a three-day visit that included an address to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.
 (AP, 7/4/99)

1989  Jul 5, Former National Security Council aide Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in Iran-Contra. The convictions were later overturned.
 (AP, 7/5/99)
1989  Jul 5, South-African Pres Pieter Botha visited ANC leader Nelson Mandela.
 (MC, 7/5/02)

1989  Jul 6, The U.S. Army destroyed its last Pershing 1-A missiles at an ammunition plant in Karnack, Texas, under terms of the 1987 (INF) Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
 (AP, 7/6/99)
1989  Jul 6, A Palestinian grabbed the steering wheel of an Israeli bus, causing a crash that claimed 15 lives.
 (AP, 7/6/99)

1989  Jul 7, The Labor Department reported that unemployment rose 0.1 percent in June to 5.2 percent.
 (AP, 7/7/99)

1989  Jul 8, Carlos Saul Menem was inaugurated as president of Argentina in the country's first transfer of power from one democratically elected civilian leader to another in six decades.
 (AP, 7/8/99)

1989  Jul 9, West German tennis players Steffi Graf and Boris Becker won the women's and men's singles titles at Wimbledon.
 (AP, 7/9/99)
1989  Jul 9, President Bush began a visit to Poland.
 (AP, 7/9/99)

1989  Jul 10, Mel Blanc (81), the "man of a thousand voices," including such cartoon characters as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Sylvester and Tweety, Tazmanian Devil, Wile E. Coyote and Roadrunner, died in Los Angeles.
 (AP, 7/10/99)(SFC, 1/16/03, p.A19)

1989  Jul 11, The American League won the 60th All-Star Game, defeating the National League 5-3 in Anaheim, Calif.
 (AP, 7/11/99)
1989  Jul 11, Actor Laurence Olivier died at age 82.
 (AP, 7/11/99)

1989  Jul 12, President Bush continued his visit to Hungary, where he held talks with officials and made a speech at Karl Marx University in Budapest.
 (AP, 7/12/99)
1989  Jul 12, A farmer in eastern France went on a shooting rampage, killing 14 people before being captured.
 (AP, 7/12/99)

1989  Jul 13, Washington, D.C. attorney Thomas L. Root was rescued after ditching his private plane in the Atlantic Ocean near the Bahamas; he had suffered a mysterious gunshot wound.
 (AP, 7/13/99)
1989  Jul 13, Cuba executed four military officers for conspiring to smuggle drugs to the United States. Antonio de la Guardia, a colonel in the Interior Ministry, was executed along with army general Arnaldo Ochoa and 2 other officers in a drug trafficking case. Gen’l. Patricio de la Guardia, Antonio’s twin, was sentenced to 30 years in prison. Patricio was released in 1997. Patricio had led an int’l. para-military brigade in Chile during the Allende years that was estimated at 15,000 men.
 (SFC, 3/19/97, p.A14)(WSJ, 10/30/98, p.A19)(AP, 7/13/99)
1989  Jul 13, Abdul Rahman Qassemlu, Kurd leader in Iran, was murdered.
 (MC, 7/13/02)

1989  Jul 14, 16th James Bond movies "License to Kill" premiered.
 (MC, 7/14/02)
1989  Jul 14, Leaders of the seven richest nations opened a summit in Paris, which was also celebrating the bicentennial of the French Revolution with pomp and pageantry.
 (AP, 7/14/99)

1989  Jul 15, Leaders of the seven major industrial democracies, meeting in Paris, voiced support for democracy behind the Iron Curtain and condemned repression in China.
 (AP, 7/15/99)

1989  Jul 16, Leaders of the seven major industrial democracies called at their economic summit in Paris for "decisive action" against global pollution.
 (AP, 7/16/99)
1989  Jul 16, Conductor Herbert von Karajan (81) died near Salzburg, Austria.
 (AP, 7/16/99)

1989  Jul 17, The controversial B-2 Stealth bomber underwent its first test flight at Edwards Air Force Base in California, two days after a technical problem forced a postponement.
 (AP, 7/17/99)

1989  Jul 19, 112 people were killed when a United Air Lines DC-10 crashed while making an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa; 184 other people survived.
 (AP 7/19/97)

1989  Jul 20, President Bush called for a long-range space program to build an orbiting space station, establish a base on the moon and send a manned mission to the planet Mars.
 (AP, 7/20/99)
1989  Jul 20, In Burma the military authorities placed Aung San Suu Kyi and her deputy Tin Oo under house arrest where she was confined for the next 6 years.
 (SFEC, 8/23/98, BR p.4)(SFC, 5/7/02, p.A9)

1989  Jul 21, The State Department confirmed an ABC News report that Felix S. Bloch, a veteran U.S. diplomat, was being investigated as a possible Soviet spy. Bloch was never charged with espionage, but was fired from his job in 1990.
 (AP, 7/21/99)
1989  Jul 21, Eastern Airlines submitted a reorganization plan to creditors.
 (MC, 7/21/02)
1989  Jul 21, Greg LeMond (US) won the Tour de France in record time.
 (MC, 7/21/02)

1989  Jul 22, Nearly 200,000 Palestinian children returned to classrooms in the West Bank after the Israeli army lifted an order that had kept their schools closed during the Palestinian uprising.
 (AP, 7/22/99)

1989  Jul 23, Greg LeMond of the United States won the Tour de France.
 (AP, 7/23/99)
1989  Jul 23, Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party lost its majority in the upper house of the Diet in parliamentary elections.
 (AP, 7/23/99)

1989  Jul 24, President Bush said he was "aggrieved" about allegations that veteran U.S. diplomat Felix S. Bloch might have spied for the Soviet Union.
 (AP, 7/24/99)

1989  Jul 25, The pilot of the United DC-10 that crashed in Sioux City, Iowa, July 19, Alfred C. Haynes, appeared at a news conference in which he dismissed descriptions of himself as a hero after he and his crew managed to save 184 of the 296 people aboard the crippled aircraft.
 (AP, 7/25/99)

1989  Jul 27, Workers at the Nissan Motor Corp. assembly plant in Smyrna, Tenn., voted against representation by the United Auto Workers.
 (AP, 7/27/99)
1989  Jul 27, Eighty people were killed when a Korean Air DC-10 crashed in Libya.
 (AP, 7/27/99)

1989  Jul 28, Israeli commandos abducted a pro-Iranian Shiite Muslim Hezbollah cleric, Sheik Abdul-Karim Obeid, from his home in south Lebanon.
 (SFEC, 11/17/96, p.A14)(AP, 7/28/99)

1989  Jul 29, Poland's newly elected president, Wojciech Jaruzelski, resigned as Communist Party general secretary and was succeeded by Mieczyslaw Rakowski.
 (AP, 7/29/99)

1989  Jul 30, In Lebanon, the pro-Iranian group Organization for the Oppressed on Earth threatened to kill an American hostage, Marine Lt. Col. William R. Higgins, unless Israel released Sheik Abdul-Karim Obeid, a cleric seized by Israeli commandos.
 (AP, 7/30/99)

1989  Jul 31, A pro-Iranian group in Lebanon released a grisly videotape purportedly showing the hanged body of American hostage William R. Higgins.
 (AP, 7/31/97)

1989  Jul, In Chile Antonio de la Guardia, a colonel in the Interior Ministry, was executed along with army general Arnaldo Ochoa and 2 other officers in a drug trafficking case. Gen’l. Patricio de la Guardia, Antonio’s twin, was sentenced to 30 years in prison. Patricio was released in 1997. Patricio had led an int’l. para-military brigade in Chile during the Allende years that was estimated at 15,000 men.
 (SFC, 3/19/97, p.A14)(WSJ, 10/30/98, p.A19)

1989  Aug 1, The Revolutionary Justice Organization, a pro-Iranian group in Lebanon which had threatened to kill American hostage Joseph Cicippio, extended its deadline a day after another group released a videotape showing a body said to be that of hostage William R. Higgins.
 (AP, 8/1/99)

1989  Aug 2, Abortion rights advocates gained a surprising victory in the U.S. House of Representatives, which voted against including abortion curbs in a spending bill for the District of Columbia.
 (AP, 8/2/99)

1989  Aug 3, Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon suspended their threat to execute another American hostage, three days after the purported hanging of Lt. Col. William R. Higgins.
 (AP, 8/2/99)
1989  Aug 3, Hashemi Rafsanjani was sworn in as president of Iran.
 (AP, 8/3/99)

1989  Aug 4, Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani offered to help end the hostage crisis in Lebanon, prompting President Bush to say he was "encouraged."
 (AP, 8/4/99)

1989  Aug 5, Five Central American presidents began meeting in Honduras to discuss a timetable for dismantling Nicaraguan Contra bases.
 (AP, 8/5/99)

1989  Aug 6, Jaime Paz Zamora was inaugurated as president of Bolivia.
 (AP, 8/6/99)

1989  Aug 7, A small plane carrying Congressman Mickey Leland, D-Texas, and 15 others disappeared during a flight in Ethiopia. The wreckage of the plane was found six days later; there were no survivors.
 (AP, 8/7/99)

1989  Aug 8, The space shuttle Columbia blasted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on a secret, five-day military mission to deploy a new Pentagon spy satellite.
 (AP, 8/8/99)(SSFC, 2/2/03, p.A6)

1989  Aug 9, Toshiki Kaifu was elected prime minister of Japan, succeeding Sousuke Uno.
 (AP, 8/9/99)
1989  Aug 9, In Mexico, a train fell into the San Rafael River after a bridge collapsed, killing 112 people.
 (AP, 8/9/99)

1989  Aug 10, Poland's Roman Catholic church suspended an agreement to move nuns from a convent on the edge of Auschwitz, blaming Jewish groups for creating what it called an "atmosphere of aggressive demands."
 (AP, 8/10/99)

1989  Aug 11, Poland's Solidarity-dominated Senate adopted a resolution expressing sorrow for the nation's participation in the 1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia.
 (AP, 8/11/99)

1989  Aug 12, The Pentagon said it was stepping up efforts to find missing Texas Rep. Mickey Leland and 15 companions in Ethiopia. The wreckage of the group's airplane, with no survivors, was found the next day.
 (AP, 8/12/99)

1989  Aug 13, The space shuttle Columbia returned from a secret military mission.
 (AP, 8/13/99)
1989  Aug 13, Searchers in Ethiopia found the wreckage of a plane which had disappeared almost a week earlier while carrying Texas Congressman Mickey Leland and 15 other people. There were no survivors.
 (AP, 8/13/97)

1989  Aug 14, South African President P.W. Botha announced his resignation after losing a bitter power struggle within his National Party.
 (AP, 8/14/99)

1989  Aug 15, F.W. de Klerk was sworn in as acting president of South Africa, one day after P.W. Botha resigned as the result of a power struggle within the National Party.
 (AP, 8/15/99)

1989  Aug 16, A rare "prime time" lunar eclipse occurred over most of the United States, although clouds spoiled the view for many.
 (AP, 8/16/99)

1989  Aug 17, The Commerce Department reported the U.S. trade deficit had shrunk to $8.7 billion in June.
 (AP, 8/17/99)

1989  Aug 18, The Labor Department reported that the Consumer Price Index rose only 0.2 percent in July 1989, easing fears of a recession.
 (AP, 8/18/99)
1989  Aug 18, In Colombia, leading presidential hopeful Luis Carlos Galan was assassinated outside Bogota; the Medellin drug cartel was strongly suspected.
 (AP, 8/18/99)

1989  Aug 19, Polish President Wojciech Jaruzelski formally nominated Tadeusz Mazowiecki to become Poland's first non-Communist prime minister in four decades.
 (AP, 8/19/99)

1989  Aug 20, Entertainment executive Jose Menendez and his wife, Kitty, were murdered in their Beverly Hills, Calif., mansion. Eric and Lyle Menendez stood accused of murdering their parents. In their first trial the jury deadlocked, but in 1996 they were convicted of first-degree murder. They based their defense on a history of parental abuse.
 (SFC, 4/18/96, p.a-15)(WSJ, 3/21/96, p.A-1)
1989  Aug 20, British conservationist George Adamson, 83, was shot and killed by bandits in Kenya.
 (AP, 8/20/99)
1989  Aug 20, Fifty-one people died when a pleasure boat sank in the Thames River in London.
 (AP, 8/20/99)

1989  Aug 21, The U.S. space probe Voyager 2 fired its thrusters to bring it closer to Neptune's mysterious moon Triton.
 (AP, 8/21/99)
1989  Aug 21, Colombian soldiers and police raided the estates of drug lords as part of a crackdown that followed the shooting death of a presidential candidate.
 (AP, 8/21/99)

1989  Aug 22, Black Panther co-founder Huey P. Newton was shot to death in Oakland, Calif., by a drug dealer. Gunman Tyrone Robinson was later sentenced to 32 years to life in prison.
 (AP, 8/22/97)(SFC,10/24/97, p.A15)

1989  Aug 23, In a case that inflamed racial tensions in New York City, Yusuf Hawkins, a black teen-ager, was shot dead after he and his friends were confronted by white youths in a Brooklyn neighborhood.
 (AP, 8/23/99)

1989  Aug 24, Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti banned Cincinnati Reds manager Pete Rose from major league baseball for gambling.
 (AP, 8/24/99)
1989  Aug 24, Voyager II passed within three thousand miles of Neptune sending back striking photographs.
 (V.D.-H.K.p.388)(AP, 8/24/99)
1989  Aug 24, Colombian drug lords declared "total war" on the government.
 (AP, 8/24/99)
1989  Aug 24, Poland appointed Tadeusz Mazowiecki prime minister, becoming the first country in the Soviet bloc to name a non-communist prime minister since the late 1940s.
 (Reuters, 8/24/01)

1989  Aug 25, Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., acknowledged hiring a male prostitute as a personal employee, then firing him after suspecting the aide was selling sex from Frank's apartment.
 (AP, 8/25/99)
1989  Aug 25, NASA scientists received stunning photographs of Neptune and its moons from Voyager 2.
 (HN, 8/25/98)

1989  Aug 26, A team from Trumbull, Conn., became the first American team since 1983 to win the Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pa.
 (AP, 8/26/99)

1989  Aug 27, Some 100 marched through Bensonhurst, NYC, protesting racial killings.
 (MC, 8/27/01)
1989  Aug 27, The first U.S. commercial satellite rocket was launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla., a Delta booster carrying a British communications satellite.
 (AP, 8/27/99)
1989  Aug 27, Chuck Berry performed his tune Johnny B. Goode for NASA staff in celebration of Voyager II's encounter with the planet Neptune.
 (HN, 8/27/98)

1989  Aug 28, Former televangelist Jim Bakker's fraud and conspiracy trial opened in Charlotte, N.C.; Bakker was convicted of all counts the next October.
 (AP, 8/28/99)

1989  Aug 29, Seven bombs believed set off by drug traffickers exploded in Medellin and Bogota, Colombia.
 (AP, 8/29/99)

1989  Aug 30, A federal jury in New York found "hotel queen" Leona Helmsley guilty of income tax evasion but acquitted her of extortion. Helmsley served 18 months behind bars, a month at a halfway house and two months under house arrest.
 (AP, 8/30/99)

1989  Aug 31, Arbitrator T Roberts orders sports owners to pay $105 million for collusion.
 (MC, 8/31/01)
1989  Aug 31, Britain's Princess Anne and husband Mark Phillips announced they were separating.
 (AP, 8/31/99)

1989  Aug, WorldCom, formerly LDDS Communications, went public through a merger with Advantage Cos.
 (WSJ, 6/27/02, p.A11)

1989  Sep 1, A. Bartlett Giamatti (51), Baseball Commissioner, died of heart attack at his summer home in Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
 (AP, 9/1/99)(SC, 9/1/02)

1989  Sep 2, In Nicaragua, a 14-party opposition coalition chose Violeta Barrios de Chamorro as its presidential candidate. Chamorro went on to win the election the following February.
 (AP, 9/2/99)

1989  Sep 3, "Into the Woods" closed at Martin Beck Theater NYC after 764 performances.
 (MC, 9/3/01)
1989  Sep 3, The United States began shipping a $65 million package of military aircraft and weapons to help Colombia's war against drug lords.
 (AP, 9/3/99)
1989  Sep 3, A Cubana de Aviacion jetliner crashed after takeoff in Havana, killing all 126 aboard and 26 people on the ground.
 (AP, 9/3/99)

1989  Sep 4, The Air Force launched its last Titan 3 rocket, which reportedly carried a reconnaissance satellite. Since 1964, the Titan 3 had sent more than 200 satellites into space.
 (AP, 9/4/99)
1989  Sep 4, Georges Simenon (86), Belgian/French writer and director (Maigret), died. The Belgian born writer, authored some 200 novels. Many featured the crime-busting hero Inspector Maigret.
 (SFC, 6/9/00, p.D5)(MC, 9/4/01)

1989  Sep 5, In his first nationally broadcast address from the White House, President Bush outlined a plan to fight illicit drugs, which he called the "quicksand of our entire society."
 (AP, 9/5/99)

1989  Sep 6, A police computer accused 41,000 Parisians of murder and prostitution.
 (MC, 9/6/01)
1989  Sep 6, The National Party, the governing party of South Africa, lost nearly a quarter of its parliament seats to far-right and anti-apartheid rivals, its worst setback in four decades.
 (AP, 9/6/99)

1989  Sep 7, By a vote of 76-8, the Senate approved the Americans with Disabilities Act, forbidding discrimination in employment, public accommodations, transportation and communications.
 (AP, 9/7/99)
1989  Sep 7, A robbery by 2 bandits took place at the BofA headquarters. A Brink’s guard was killed and another wounded along with a passer-by. The bandits escaped on mountain bikes with undisclosed sums that were later believed to be bearer bonds.
 (SFEC, 6/25/00, Z1 p.3)

1989  Sep 8, Former President Reagan underwent surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota to relieve fluid build-up on his brain after a horse-riding accident.
 (AP, 9/8/99)
1989  Sep 8, The 1288 Mausoleum of Beatrice of Brabant was discovered in Kortrijk Belgium.
 (MC, 9/8/01)

1989  Sep 9, West German Steffi Graf won the women's tennis title at the U.S. Open in New York, defeating second-ranked Martina Navratilova.
 (AP, 9/9/99)

1989  Sep 10, Hungary gave permission for thousands of East German refugees and visitors to emigrate to West Germany.
 (AP, 9/10/99)

1989  Sep 11, The exodus of East German refugees from Hungary to West Germany began, by way of Austria.
 (AP, 9/11/99)

1989  Sep 12, David Dinkins, Manhattan borough president, won New York City's Democratic mayoral primary, defeating incumbent Mayor Ed Koch and two other candidates on his way to becoming the city's first black mayor.
 (AP, 9/12/99)

1989  Sep 13, Fay Vincent was named commissioner of Major League Baseball, succeeding the late A. Bartlett Giamatti.
 (AP, 9/13/97)
1989  Sep 13, Desmond Tutu les the biggest anti-apartheid protest march in S. Africa.
 (MC, 9/13/01)

1989  Sep 14, ACT-UP AIDS activists shut down the New York Stock Exchange for a short time when they chained themselves to a balcony overlooking the floor.
 (SFC, 3/22/97, p.A13)
1989  Sep 14, Joseph T. Wesbecker, a 47-year-old pressman on disability for mental illness, killed himself after he shot eight people dead and wounded 12 at a printing plant in Louisville, Ky.
 (AP, 9/14/99)

1989  Sep 15, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Robert Penn Warren, the first poet laureate of the United States, died in Stratton, Vt., at age 84.
 (AP, 9/14/99)

1989  Sep 16, Debbye Turner of Missouri was crowned Miss America at the pageant in Atlantic City, N.J.
 (AP, 9/16/99)

1989  Sep 17, In the 41st Emmy Awards winners included LA Law, Cheers, Dana Delany & Candice Bergen.
 (MC, 9/17/01)
1989  Sep 17, Hurricane Hugo slammed into several Caribbean islands, including St. Croix, which was the hardest hit. The 4 day sweep through the Caribbean killed 62.
 (AP, 9/17/99)(MC, 9/17/01)

1989  Sep 18, Hurricane Hugo reached Puerto Rico, causing extensive damage as it continued to barrel toward the U.S. mainland.
 (AP, 9/18/97)

1989  Sep 19, A Paris-bound French DC-10, UTA Flight 772, was bombed over the Sahara desert of Niger and all 170 [171] passengers died. French authorities placed the blame on Libya’s Abdallah Senoussi, brother-in-law of Moammar Khadafy and chief of foreign operations for the Libyan secret service. The six Libyan suspects were named by a French judge in 1998 and tried in absentia in 1999. The attack was in retaliation for French intervention on behalf of Chad in a war with Libya since the mid 1980s
 (SFC, 5/7/97, p.C3)(SFEC,10/19/97, p.A26)(WSJ, 1/30/98, p.A1)(SFC, 6/13/98, p.A11)(SFC, 3/9/99, p.B10)(AP, 9/19/99)

1989  Sep 20, Musical "Miss Saigon," premiered in London.
 (MC, 9/20/01)
1989  Sep 20, Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev pulled off a major shake-up of the Soviet Communist Party, dropping three Politburo members.
 (AP, 9/20/99)
1989  Sep 20, F.W. de Klerk was sworn in as president of South Africa.
 (AP, 9/20/99)

1989  Sep 21, General Colin Powell was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
 (HN, 9/21/98)
1989  Sep 21, Hurricane Hugo, packing winds of up to 135 mph, crashed into Charleston, S.C.
 (AP, 9/21/99)
1989  Sep 21, In Alton, Texas, 21 students died when their school bus collided with a truck and careered into a water-filled pit.
 (AP, 9/21/99)

1989  Sep 22, Irving Berlin, one of America's most prolific songwriters, died in New York City at age 101.
 (AP, 9/22/99)
1989  Sep 22, An IRA-bomb killed 10 British marines in Kent.
 (MC, 9/22/01)

1989  Sep 23, President Bush, saying he was "very pleased" with talks between Secretary of State James Baker and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze, told reporters there would be a superpower summit later in the year.
 (AP, 9/23/99)

1989  Sep 24, Residents of Charleston, S.C., attended church services as they faced a third day of recovering from the devastation of Hurricane Hugo.
 (AP, 9/24/99)

1989  Sep 25, President Bush, addressing the U.N. General Assembly, offered to slash American stocks of chemical weapons by more than 80 percent, provided the Soviets did the same.
 (AP, 9/25/99)
1989  Sep 25, Archaeologists opened the Titus of Rhine grave in Amsterdam.
 (MC, 9/25/01)

1989  Sep 26, In a speech to the U.N. General Assembly, Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze accepted President Bush's call for deep cuts in U.S. and Soviet chemical weapon stockpiles. Shevardnadze called for the total destruction of Soviet and US chemical weapons
 (AP, 9/26/99)(MC, 9/26/01)
1989  Sep 26, The last Vietnamese soldiers left Cambodia. Vietnam withdrew the last of 26,000 troops. The Khmer Rouge seized the gem mining town of Pailin near the Thai border and financed its operations with gem and timer profits.
 (SFC, 6/14/97, p.A15)(MC, 9/26/01)

1989  Sep 27, Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. agreed to a $3.4 billion buyout by Sony Corporation.
 (AP, 9/27/99)

1989  Sep 28, Deposed Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos died in exile in Hawaii at age 72. He was the author of 2 books: "The Law of Human Rights in the Philippines" and "Democracy in the Philippines." Marcos’ corrupt US backed regime in the Philippines spanned over twenty years. Corazon Aquino was his successor.
 (SFC, 8/23/96, p.A26)(AP, 9/28/97)(SFC, 5/12/97, p.A18)(MC, 9/28/01)

1989  Sep 29, Actress Zsa Zsa Gabor was convicted of battery for slapping a Beverly Hills police officer who had pulled over her Rolls-Royce for expired license plates. As part of her sentence, Gabor served three days in jail.
 (AP, 9/29/99)

1989  Sep 30, Virgil Thomson, US composer and critic (4 Saints in 3 Acts), died at 92.
 (MC, 9/30/01)
1989  Sep 30, Thousands of East Germans who had sought refuge in West German embassies in Czechoslovakia and Poland began emigrating under an accord between Soviet bloc and NATO nations.
 (AP, 9/30/99)

1989  Sep, Ten workers of the Kentucky Pyro Mining Co. were killed in a mine explosion of methane gas. In 1996 3 executives were sentenced to prison for safety-law violations.
 (SFC, 6/13/96, p.A4)(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A7)

1989  Sep, F.W. de Klerk was elected head of state in South Africa.
 (Hem. 1/95, p. 19)

1989  Oct 1, Gen. Colin Powell was appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for the US Dept. of Defense.
 (SSFC, 12/17/00, p.A14)
1989  Oct 1, Thousands of East Germans received a triumphal welcome in West Germany after the communist government agreed to let them leave for the West.
 (AP, 10/1/99)
1989  Oct 1, In Copenhagen, Denmark, 11 homosexual couples were married. It was the first time any country allowed such marriages.
 (SFC, 5/26/96, Zone 1 p.6)(SFC, 12/12/98, p.B3)

1989  Oct 2, Nearly 10,000 people marched through Leipzig, East Germany, demanding legalization of opposition groups and adoption of democratic reforms in the country's largest protest since 1953.
 (AP, 10/2/99)

1989  Oct 3, Art Shell became the first African-American to coach a professional football team, the Los Angeles Raiders.
 (HN, 10/3/98)
1989  Oct 3, In a move to stem the flow of refugees to the West, East Germany suspended unrestricted travel to Czechoslovakia.
 (AP, 10/3/99)
1989  Oct 3, Troops loyal to Panamanian leader General Manuel Noriega crushed a coup attempt by rebel mid-level officers.
 (AP, 10/3/99)(MC, 10/3/01)

1989  Oct 4, Fawaz Younis, a Lebanese hijacker convicted of commandeering a Jordanian jetliner in 1985 with two Americans aboard, was sentenced in Washington to 30 years in prison.
 (AP, 10/4/99)

1989  Oct 5, The Dalai Lama, the spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet, was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
 (AP, 10/5/99)
1989  Oct 5, A jury in Charlotte, N.C., convicted former PTL evangelist Jim Bakker on all 24 counts of fraud and conspiracy. He used his television show to defraud followers.
 (AP, 10/5/99)(MC, 10/5/01)

1989  Oct 6, Actress Bette Davis died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, at age 81.
 (AP, 10/6/97)
1989  Oct 6, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev joined in festivities in East Berlin marking the 40th anniversary of East Germany, while thousands of refugees migrated to the West.
 (AP, 10/6/99)

1989  Oct 7, Hungary's Communist Party renounced Marxism in favor of democratic socialism during a party congress in Budapest.
 (AP, 10/7/99)

1989  Oct 8, The Oakland A's won the American League pennant for the second year in a row by defeating the Toronto Blue Jays.
 (AP, 10/8/99)

1989  Oct 9, The San Francisco Giants won the National League championship by defeating the Chicago Cubs.
 (AP, 10/9/99)
1989  Oct 9, The official Soviet news agency Tass reported that a spaceship of some kind, complete with a trio of tall aliens, had visited a park in the city of Voronezh.
 (AP, 10/9/99)

1989  Oct 10, South African President F.W. de Klerk announced that eight prominent political prisoners, including African National Congress official Walter Sisulu, would be unconditionally freed, but that Nelson Mandela would remain imprisoned.
 (AP, 10/10/99)

1989  Oct 11, The House narrowly approved an amendment to an appropriations bill that would restore Medicaid for abortions in cases of rape or incest. President Bush later vetoed the bill, and the veto was upheld.
 (AP, 10/11/99)

1989  Oct 12, The House approved a statutory federal ban on desecration of the American flag. The Senate defeated the measure a week later.
 (AP, 10/12/99)

1989  Oct 13, The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 190 points, triggering memories of the 1987 crash.
 (AP, 10/13/99)

1989  Oct 14, Colombia extradited three suspected drug traffickers to the United States as part of a war on the cocaine cartel.
 (AP, 10/14/99)

1989  Oct 15, The NHL's Wayne Gretzky of the Los Angeles Kings surpassed Gordie Howe's scoring record of 1,850 points, in a game against the Edmonton Oilers.
 (AP, 10/15/99)
1989  Oct 15, South African officials released eight prominent political prisoners, including Walter Sisulu, a leader of the African National Congress.
 (AP, 10/15/99)

1989  Oct 16, President Bush signed an order cutting federal programs by $16.1 billion under the Gramm-Rudman budget-reduction law.
 (AP, 10/16/99)

1989  Oct 17, The 7.2 (7.1) (6.9) Loma Prieta earthquake [Watsonville] hit the San Francisco area minutes before the start of a World Series game there and [66] 67 people died and 3,000 were injured. It caused $7 [$10] billion worth of damage. The Spreckel’s Temple of Music in Golden Gate Park was damaged and later restored. 28,000 structures were damaged and several freeways ruined. 42 people died on the Cypress Freeway. At the train station in SF Dr. Margaret McChesney commandeered a tour bus to take frightened passengers home and navigated the driver safely through barricades of cars and gangs of marauding youths on 3rd St. In 1999 new measuring methods changed the magnitude to 6.9.
 (SFC, 4/15/96,A-6)(SFC, 5/19/96,City Guide, p.5)(SFC, 10/17/96, A15)(SFC, 7/23/97, p.A13)(AP, 10/17/97)(AR,9/12/98)(HN, 10/17/98)(SFC, 10/7/99, p.A21)

1989  Oct 18, The space shuttle Atlantis was launched on a five-day mission that included deployment of the Galileo space probe on a course for Jupiter.
 (SFC, 6/28/96, p.A2)(AP, 10/18/99)
1989  Oct 18, After 18 years in power, Erich Honecker was ousted as leader of East Germany; he was succeeded by Egon Krenz.
 (AP, 10/18/97)

1989  Oct 19, Camilo Jose Cela of Spain received the Nobel Prize for literature.
 (AP, 10/19/99)
1989  Oct 19, The US Senate rejected a proposed constitutional amendment barring desecration of the American flag.
 (AP, 10/19/99)
1989  Oct 19, The Guildford Four, cleared from earlier conviction for the 1975 IRA bombings of public houses in Guildford and Woolwich, England, were cleared of all charges after 14 years in prison.
 (MC, 10/19/01)

1989  Oct 20, The Senate convicted U.S. District Judge Alcee L. Hastings of perjury and conspiracy and removed him from office. The conviction was overturned and Hastings was later elected to the House of Representatives.
 (AP, 10/20/99)
1989  Oct 20, Former President Reagan and his wife, Nancy, began a visit to Japan sponsored by a media conglomerate.
 (AP, 10/20/99)
1989  Oct 20, Anthony Quayle (76), actor (Moses, Operation Crossbow), died.
 (MC, 10/20/01)

1989  Oct 21, Rescue workers in Oakland, Calif., pulled longshoreman Buck Helm alive from the wreckage of the Nimitz Freeway, part of which had collapsed during the Oct. 17 earthquake. Helm died less than a month later.
 (AP, 10/21/99)

1989  Oct 22, Survivors of the Northern California earthquake attended church services as the cleanup and recovery efforts continued.
 (AP, 10/22/99)
1989  Oct 22, Khmer Rouge occupied Pailin in Cambodia.
 (MC, 10/22/01)
1989  Oct 22, The Lebanese parliament agreed on a power-sharing formula between Christians and Muslims that ended civil war a year later.
 (SFC, 5/24/00, p.A15)

1989  Oct 23, In a case that inflamed racial tensions in Boston, Charles Stuart claimed he and his pregnant wife, Carol, had been shot in their car by a black robber. Carol Stuart and her prematurely delivered baby died; Charles Stuart later died, an apparent suicide, after he was implicated.
 (AP, 10/23/99)
1989  Oct 23, Twenty-three people were killed in an explosion at Phillips Petroleum Co.'s chemical complex in Pasadena, Texas.
 (AP, 10/23/99)
1989  Oct 23, Hungary proclaimed itself a republic and declared an end to communist rule.
 (MC, 10/23/01)

1989  Oct 24, After a week's delay due to earthquake, World Series game 3 was played.
 (MC, 10/24/01)
1989  Oct 24, TV evangelist Jim Bakker was sentenced to 45 years in prison and fined half-a-million dollars for fleecing his flock.
 (MC, 10/24/01)

1989  Oct 25, Novelist and critic Mary McCarthy (b.1912) died in New York at age 77. Her work included: "The Company She Keeps," "Memoirs of a Catholic Girlhood," "The Group," and "Ideas and the Novel." In 2000 Frances Kiernan authored the biography "Seeing Mary Plain."
 (AP, 10/25/99)(WSJ, 3/17/00, p.W9)(SFEC, 4/30/00, BR p.3)
1989  Oct 25, Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev began a three-day visit to Finland.
 (AP, 10/25/99)

1989  Oct 26, Washington, D.C. attorney Paul Tagliabue was tapped by NFL team owners to be the league's new commissioner, succeeding Pete Rozelle.
 (AP, 10/26/99)

1989  Oct 27, The third game of the World Series, delayed by the Northern California earthquake, was played at Candlestick Park. The Oakland A's defeated the San Francisco Giants, 13-7.
 (AP, 10/27/99)

1989  Oct 28, The Oakland A's won the earthquake-interrupted World Series, completing a four-game sweep of the San Francisco Giants.
 (AP, 10/28/99)
1989  Oct 28, Twenty people were killed in the crash of a commuter plane on the island of Hawaii.
 (AP, 10/28/99)

1989  Oct 29, At least 20,000 East Berliners observed a minute of silence for those killed while attempting to flee over the Berlin Wall, the first such public mourning since Communist Party authorities built the wall in 1961.
 (AP, 10/29/99)

1989  Oct 30, August A. Busch III became CEO of St. Louis Cards.
 (MC, 10/30/01)
1989  Oct 30, Smith Dairy at Orrville Ohio, made the largest milk shake (1,575.2 gal).
 (MC, 10/30/01)
1989  Oct 30, Mitsubishi Estate Co., a major Japanese real estate concern, announced it was buying 51 percent of Rockefeller Group Inc. of New York.
 (AP, 10/30/99)

1989  Oct 31, President Bush announced he and Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev would hold an early December summit aboard ships in the Mediterranean near Malta.
 (AP, 10/31/99)

1989  Oct, Al Martino, pop singer, was inducted into the Philadelphia Hall of Fame.
 (SFEC, 10/5/97, DB p.74)

1989  Oct, The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Trygve Haavelmo of Norway.
 (SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)

1989  Oct, A UTA flight over Chad was bombed and the French government accused Libya.
 (SFC, 5/23/96, p. C5)

1989  Oct, In El Salvador the CIA station in San Salvador began providing the Salvadoran security forces with money to the resettle Marxist guerilla turned informer, Pedro Antonio Andrade Martinez (aka Mario Gonzalez), in the US. He had been recently captured and became a highly paid informer for the Salvadoran armed forces. Information from Andrade later led to the capture, torture or disappearance of some 200 guerrillas. In 1996 he was arrested in the US for failure to renew his visa. In 1997 the Clinton administration sought to deport him.
 (SFC, 11/22/96, p.A21)(SFC, 2/22/96, p.A7)

1989  Nov 1, East Germany reopened its border with Czechoslovakia, prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee to the West.
 (AP, 11/1/99)
1989  Nov 1, The Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) banned smoking on many flights.
 (MC, 11/1/01)

1989  Nov 2, President Bush and congressional Republicans dropped their Capitol Hill quest for a cut in the capital gains tax.
 (AP, 11/2/99)
1989  Nov 2, Sister Diana Ortiz was raped and tortured in Guatemala. She has claimed that a man called Allejandro appeared in charge and that he spoke colloquial English and spoke of contacts with the US Embassy. The US government has denied any connection.
 (SFC, 5/4/96, p.A-6)(SFC, 5/7/96, p.A-10)

1989  Nov 3, A Lebanese magazine reported that the United States had been secretly selling arms to Iran in the hope of securing the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon. This was the start of the Iran Contra Scandal.
 (MC, 11/3/01)
1989  Nov 3, East German leader Egon Krenz delivered a nationally broadcast speech in which he promised sweeping economic and political reforms and called on East Germans to stay.
 (AP, 11/3/99)

1989  Nov 4, Up to a million East Germans filled the streets of East Berlin for a pro-democracy rally.
 (AP, 11/4/99)
1989  Nov 4, Iran marked the 10th anniversary of the seizure of the U.S. Embassy.
 (AP, 11/4/99)
1989  Nov 4, In Japan Yokohama lawyer, Tsutsumi Sakamoto, was kidnapped with his wife and infant son. He had been leading a legal crusade against the Aum Shinri Kyo cult. Later top members of the cult admitted to killing the family. In 1998 Kazuaki Okazaki (38) was sentenced to death for the murder. In 2000 Satoru Hashimoto was sentenced to death for the strangling deaths of the Sakamoto family and for the 1995 sarin gas attacks.
 (SFC, 4/24/96, p.A-8)(SFC, 10/24/98, p.A12)(SFC, 7/26/00, p.A14)

1989  Nov 5, Vladimir Horowitz, Russian-born pianist, died at age 85. His wife, Wanda, (d.1998), was the daughter of conductor Arturo Toscanini.
 (SFEC, 8/23/98, p.D4)(AP, 11/5/99)
1989  Nov 5, Singer-songwriter Barry Sadler, 49, died in Murfreesboro, Tenn.
 (AP, 11/5/99)

1989  Nov 6, Kitty Dukakis, wife of Massachusetts Gov. Michael S. Dukakis, was hospitalized after ingesting rubbing alcohol.
 (AP, 11/6/99)

1989  Nov 7, NYC elected it's 1st black mayor, David N. Dinkins, and female comp. (Holtzman).
 (AP, 11/7/97)(MC, 11/7/01)
1989  Nov 7, L. Douglas Wilder won the governor's race in Virginia, becoming the first elected black governor in U.S. history; David N. Dinkins was elected New York City's first black mayor.
 (AP, 11/7/97)
1989  Nov 7, Richard Ramirez, convicted of California's "Night Stalker" killings, was sentenced to death.
 (AP, 11/7/99)

1989  Nov 8, In an attempt to strengthen his 3-week-old leadership, East German Communist Party chief Egon Krenz ousted the old guard of the ruling Politburo, replacing them with reformers.
 (AP, 11/8/99)

1989  Nov 9, The Berlin Wall was broke open after 28 years. Communist East Germany threw open its borders, allowing citizens to travel freely to the West. Joyous Germans danced atop the Berlin Wall.
 (SFC, 5/30/96, p.A12)(AP, 11/9/97)
1989  Nov 9, Former Attorney General John N. Mitchell, a major figure in the Watergate scandal, died in Washington at age 75.
 (AP, 11/9/99)

1989  Nov 10, Word Perfect 5.1 was shipped.
 (MC, 11/10/01)
1989  Nov 10, Workers began punching a hole in the Berlin Wall, a day after East Germany abolished its border restrictions.
 (AP, 11/10/99)

1989  Nov 11, In a telephone conversation with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, East German leader Egon Krenz ruled out any possibility reunification.
 (AP, 11/11/99)

1989  Nov 12, "Grand Hotel" opened at Martin Beck Theater NYC for 1018 performances.
 (MC, 11/12/01)
1989  Nov 12, Abortion rights advocates rallied in cities across the country, including Washington, D.C.
 (AP, 11/12/99)

1989  Nov 13, IBM and Microsoft expanded their partnership and agreed to develop software for MS-DOS, MS OS/2, and MS LAN.
 (Wired, 12/98, p.197)

1989  Nov 14, The U.S. Navy, alarmed over a recent string of serious accidents, ordered an unprecedented 48-hour stand-down.
 (AP, 11/14/99)

1989  Nov 15, Solidarity leader Lech Walesa was cheered by American lawmakers as he told a joint meeting of Congress that U.S. aid to Poland "will not be wasted, and will never be forgotten."
 (AP, 11/15/99)

1989  Nov 16, Six Jesuit priests and two other people were slain by uniformed gunmen at the Jose Simeon Canas University in El Salvador in an attack later blamed on army troops. Later 19 Salvadoran soldiers, trained at the US Army School of the Americas, were linked to the killing.
 (AP, 11/16/99)(SFC, 9/21/96, p.A3)

1989  Nov 17, Senate Ethics Committee hired an outside counsel to look into allegations of improprieties against six senators.
 (AP, 11/17/99)
1989  Nov 17, The Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite was launched. It provided evidence for the "Big Bang" that spawned the universe 10-20 billion years ago. Dr. David T. Wilkinson (1935-2002) was the driving force behind the launch.
 (SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A14)(SFC, 9/16/02, p.A20)
1989  Nov 17, Emerson Buckley (73), conductor and composer, died.
 (MC, 11/17/01)
1989  Nov 17, Riot police in Prague, Czechoslovakia, stormed into a crowd of more than 20-thousand pro-democracy demonstrators. They beat people with truncheons and firing tear gas. Czechoslovakia had one of the strongest democracy movements in the communist bloc, partly due to centuries of strong ties to Western rather than Eastern Europe.
 (MC, 11/17/01)

1989  Nov 18, Pennsylvania became the 1st state to restrict abortions after Supreme Court gave states the right to do so.
 (MC, 11/18/01)
1989  Nov 18, Longshoreman Buck Helm died at a hospital in Oakland, almost a month after he was pulled from a section of the Nimitz Freeway flattened by the northern California earthquake.
 (AP, 11/18/99)

1989  Nov 19, Funeral services were held in El Salvador for six Jesuit priests slain by uniformed gunmen.
 (AP, 11/19/99)

1989  Nov 20, More than 200,000 people rallied peacefully in Prague, Czechoslovakia, demanding democratic reforms and the ouster of Communist Party leader Milos Jakes.
 (AP, 11/20/99)

1989  Nov 21, A law banning smoking on most domestic flights signed by President Bush.
 (MC, 11/21/01)
1989  Nov 21, The proceedings of Britain's House of Commons were televised live for the first time.
 (AP, 11/21/99)

1989  Nov 22, Eastern Airlines pilots and flight attendants ended their strike, but most were not rehired.
 (MC, 11/22/01)
1989  Nov 22, The space shuttle Discovery blasted off at night.
 (AP, 11/22/99)
1989  Nov 22, Conjunction of Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn & Moon took place.
 (MC, 11/22/01)
1989  Nov 22, President Rene Moawad of Lebanon was assassinated less than three weeks after taking office.
 (AP, 11/22/99)

1989  Nov 23, Pilots Union gave up on a sympathy strike against Eastern Airlines.
 (MC, 11/23/01)
1989  Nov 23, Lucia Barrera de Cerna, a housekeeper who said she had witnessed the slaying of six Jesuit priests and two other people at the Jose Simeon Canas University in El Salvador, was flown to the U.S. under heavy security.
 (AP, 11/23/99)
1989  Nov 23, At least 300,000 people jammed Prague's Wenceslas Square to demand democratic reforms in Czechoslovakia.
 (AP, 11/23/02)

1989  Nov 24, Czechoslovakia's hard-line Communist party leadership resigned after more than a week of protests against its policies.
 (AP, 11/24/99)

1989  Nov 25, More than 500,000 demonstrators gathered in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where they scoffed at a Communist Party shakeup and cheered Alexander Dubcek, the reformer ousted in 1968.
 (AP, 11/25/99)

1989  Nov 26, El Salvador broke relations with Nicaragua after weapons-loaded plane from that country was downed in El Salvador.
 (AP, 11/26/02)
1989  Nov 26, In a national referendum, voters decided that Hungary's next president would be chosen by parliament, following free elections.
 (AP, 11/26/99)

1989  Nov 27, 107 people were killed when a bomb blamed by police on drug traffickers destroyed a Colombian jetliner minutes after takeoff from Bogota's international airport.
 (AP, 11/27/99)

1989  Nov 28, Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci arrived in New York after escaping her homeland by way of Hungary.
 (AP, 11/28/99)

1989  Nov 29, The Czechs ended the Communist party's 40-year monopoly on power. The revolution in Czechoslovakia was called the "Velvet Revolution" because of the little violence.
 (HFA, '96, p.18)(SFEC, 2/2/97, DB. p.34)(AP, 11/29/99)
1989  Nov 29, India president Rajiv Gandhi resigned.
 (MC, 11/29/01)

1989  Nov 30, President Bush left Washington for his first summit with Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev that took place aboard ships off the Mediterranean island of Malta.
 (AP, 11/30/99)
1989  Nov 30, Alfred Herrhausen, chairman of West Germany's largest bank, was killed in a bombing claimed by the Red Army Faction.
 (AP, 11/30/99)

1989  Nov, In Bulgaria Communist ruler Todor Zhivkov was thrown out of office after a 35-year dictatorship. The ouster was led by Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov who later became president.
 (SFC, 6/6/96, C2,5)(SFC, 10/5/96, p.A10)(SFC, 11/29/96, p.B3)(SFC, 5/2/97, p.A14)

1989  Nov, In Mexico Jose Madariaga joined Raul Salinas and TV exec Abraham Zabludovsky in buying Mexicana de Autobuses SA, a bus manufacturing company, for an investment of $4.4 million.
 (WSJ, 8/7/96, p.A10)

1989  Dec 1, Alvin Ailey (b.1931), leader of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater  (Blues Suite, Revelations), died. In 1996 Jennifer Dunning wrote his biography: "Alvin Ailey, A Life in Dance."
 (SFEC, 12/15/96, BR p.4)(WSJ, 5/13/98, p.A20)(MC, 12/1/01)
1989  Dec 1, East Germany's Parliament abolished the Communist Party's constitutional guarantee of supremacy.
 (AP, 12/1/99)
1989  Dec 1, In an extraordinary encounter, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev met with Pope John Paul II at the Vatican.
 (AP, 12/1/99)

1989  Dec 2, President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev held the first talks of their wind-tossed Malta summit aboard the Soviet cruise ship "Maxim Gorky."
 (AP, 12/2/99)
1989  Dec 2, V.P. Singh was sworn in as prime minister of India.
 (AP, 12/2/99)

1989  Dec 3, East German Communist leader Egon Krenz, the ruling Politburo and the party's Central Committee resigned.
 (AP, 12/3/99)
1989  Dec 3, In Malta Presidents George Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev announce the official end to the Cold War.
 (HN, 12/3/02)

1989  Dec 4, President Bush briefed NATO leaders in Brussels, Belgium, on the just-concluded Malta summit with Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev.
 (AP, 12/4/99)

1989  Dec 5, East Germany's former leaders, including ousted Communist Party chief Erich Honecker, were placed under house arrest.
 (AP 12/5/97)
1989  Dec 5, A French TGV train reached a world record speed of 482.4 kph.
 (MC, 12/5/01)

1989  Dec 6, 14 women were shot to death at the University of Montreal's school of engineering by Marc Lepine, who then took his own life.
 (AP, 12/6/97)(MC, 12/6/01)
1989  Dec 6, Egon Krenz resigned as leader of East Germany. In 1997 Krenz was convicted with 2 colleagues of manslaughter for the shooting deaths of those who tried to flee across the Berlin Wall prior to its demise.
 (AP, 12/6/97)(WSJ, 11/9/99, p.A14)

1989  Dec 7, East Germany's Communist Party agreed to cooperate with the opposition in paving the way for free elections and a revised constitution.
 (AP, 12/7/99)

1989  Dec 8, Communist leaders in Czechoslovakia offered to surrender their control over the government and accept a minority role in a coalition Cabinet.
 (AP, 12/8/99)

1989  Dec 9, President Bush's national security adviser, Brent Scowcroft, and Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger began a surprise visit to Beijing, six months after China's crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators.
 (AP, 12/9/99)

1989  Dec 10, Czechoslovakia's president, Gustav Husak, resigned after swearing in a coalition cabinet in which Communists were relegated to a minority role.
 (AP, 12/10/99)

1989  Dec 11, President Bush, facing criticism at home for sending two U.S. officials to China, defended the diplomatic overture despite the Beijing government's crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators the previous June.
 (AP, 12/11/99)

1989  Dec 12, In New York, hotel queen Leona Helmsley was sentenced to four years in prison for tax evasion. Helmsley served 18 months behind bars, plus a month at a halfway house and two months of house arrest.
 (AP, 12/12/99)
1989  Dec 12, Amid international criticism, Britain forcibly removed 51 Vietnamese from Hong Kong and returned them to their homeland.
 (AP, 12/12/99)

1989  Dec 13, South African President F.W. de Klerk met for the first time with imprisoned African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela, at de Klerk's office in Cape Town.
 (AP, 12/13/99)

1989  Dec 14, Opposition leader Patricio Aylwin was elected president in Chile's first free election since 1970.
 (AP, 12/14/02)
1989  Dec 14, Nobel Peace laureate (1975) Andrei D. Sakharov died in Moscow at age 68.
 (AP, 12/14/99)(MC, 12/14/01)

1989  Dec 15, Mt Redoubt erupted in Alaska and sent baseball-sized pieces of pumice more than 20 miles from the volcano. A 747 jet flew into its ash cloud, lost all four engines and dropped 4,000 feet before it recovered. No one was hurt but the plane sustained 80 mil in damage.
 (AAM, 3/96, p.84)(PacDisc. Spring/’96, p.31)
1989  Dec 15, The dictatorship in Chile came to an end.
 (HFA, '96, p.20)
1989  Dec 15, Drug trafficker Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha was killed in northern Colombia following a shootout with police.
 (AP, 12/15/99)
1989  Dec 15, A popular uprising that resulted in the downfall of Romania's Nicolae Ceausescu began as demonstrators gathered in Timisoara to prevent the arrest of the Reverend Laszlo Tokes, a dissident clergyman.
 (AP, 12/15/99)

1989  Dec 16, Federal appeals court judge Robert S. Vance was killed by a mail bomb at his Alabama home. Walter Leroy Moody Junior was later sentenced to death for killing Vance, and received seven life terms on federal charges in that killing and the death of civil rights attorney Robert E. Robinson.
 (AP, 12/16/99)

1989  Dec 17, More than 100,000 Soviet citizens turned out to honor the late human rights advocate Andrei D. Sakharov, a day before he was buried in Moscow.
 (AP, 12/17/99)

1989  Dec 18, Robert E. Robinson, an attorney and alderman in Savannah, Ga., was killed by a mail bomb similar to a device that had claimed the life of a federal judge in Alabama two days earlier. Walter Leroy Moody Junior was later convicted of both bombings, and is on Alabama's death row.
 (AP, 12/18/99)

1989  Dec 19, Police in Jacksonville, Fla., disarmed a parcel bomb at the local NAACP office, the fourth in a series of mail bombs to turn up in the Deep South. One bomb killed a Savannah, Ga., alderman, and another a federal judge in Alabama. Walter L. Moody Jr. was convicted in both bombings.
 (AP, 12/18/99)
1989  Dec 19, The US invaded Panama and captured Manuel Noriega. A 1997 book: "The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega" by Noriega and Peter Eisner told his version.
 (HFA, '96, p.20)(SFEC, 4/13/97, BR p.3)

1989  Dec 20, The United States launched Operation Just Cause, sending troops into Panama to topple the government of Gen. Manuel Noriega. Guillermo Endara replaced Noriega. [see Dec 19] The US invasion of Panama began and ended Feb 13, 1990. It cost $182 million and left 23 US casualties with 320 wounded.
 (AP, 12/20/99)(WSJ, 9/22/99, p.A8)(HN, 12/20/99)

1989  Dec 21, VP Quayle sent out 30,000 Xmas cards with the word beacon spelled beakon.
 (MC, 12/21/01)
1989  Dec 21, Kentuckian Larry Mahoney was convicted on 27 counts of manslaughter for a 1988 collision with a church bus. It was the nation's most deadly drunken-driving accident.
 (MC, 12/21/01)
1989  Dec 21, Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu delivered what turned out to be his final public speech. The hard-line Communist ruler was visibly stunned as his listeners began booing. Ceausescu fled from power and was executed four days later.
 (AP, 12/21/99)

1989  Dec 22, Playwright Samuel Beckett died in Paris at age 83.
 (AP, 12/22/99)
1989  Dec 22, In Romania there was a revolt and miners riots. Romania's hard-line Communist ruler, Nicolae Ceausescu, was toppled in a popular uprising following 23 years of dictatorial rule. Ion Ileascu and other top Communist functionaries of Ceausescu seized control. Ileascu ruled until Nov 1996.
 (SFC, 11/18/96, p.A10)(SFC, 11/20/96, p.C4)(AP, 12/22/97)(SFC, 6/15/98, p.A11)(MC, 12/22/01)

1989  Dec 23, Ousted Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, were captured as they were attempting to flee their country.
 (AP, 12/23/99)

1989  Dec 24, Charles Taylor, a member of the Gio tribe and a former cabinet minister under Samuel Doe, led a small group of fighters across the border from the Ivory Coast into Liberia. Within a few months he had looted and terrorized much of the countryside and reached the capital. Taylor led the NPFL or National Patriotic Front. The NPFL was composed mainly of the Mano and Gio tribes from northern Nimba County.
 (SFC, 4/16/96,p.A-9)(SFC,4/17/96,p.A-8)(SFC,1/30/97,p.A9)(SFC,7/19/97, p.A9)
1989  Dec 24, Ousted Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega, who had succeeded in eluding U.S. forces, took refuge at the Vatican's diplomatic mission in Panama City. It took weeks of negotiation and loud rock music played incessantly outside the embassy by American forces before Noriega agreed to give himself up.
 (AP, 12/24/99)(MC, 12/24/01)

1989  Dec 25, Former baseball manager Billy Martin died in a truck crash in Fenton, N.Y.
 (AP, 12/25/99)
1989  Dec 25, Ousted Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, were executed following a popular uprising.
 (HFA, '96, p.20)(SFC, 12/27/96, p.B1)(AP, 12/25/97)

1989  Dec 26, Romanian television broadcast videotape of ousted President Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, at their secret trial and footage of Ceausescu's body after his execution. That same day, a provisional government took control of Romania.
 (AP, 12/26/99)

1989  Dec 27, President Bush, on a visit to Beeville, Texas, said he was determined to bring deposed Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega to justice "for poisoning the children of the United States" with illegal drugs.
 (AP, 12/27/99)

1989  Dec 28, Alexander Dubcek, former Czechoslovak Communist leader deposed in 1968 in a Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion, was named chairman of the country's parliament.
 (AP, 12/28/99)

1989  Dec 29, Playwright Vaclav Havel was elected president of Czechoslovakia, the country's first non-Communist leader in more than four decades.
 (AP, 12/29/99)

1989  Dec 30, A Northwest Airlines DC-10, target of a telephoned threat, flew safely from Paris to Detroit amid extra-tight security.
 (AP, 12/30/99)

1989  Dec 31, "Me & My Girl" closed at Marquis Theater, NYC, after 1420 performances.
 (MC, 12/31/01)
1989  Dec 31, The Japanese Nikkei Index peaked at 38,915. The DJIA was at 2753.
 (WSJ, 9/5/01, p.C1)

1989  John Cage made his color spit bite aquatint "75 Stones" at Crown Point Press.
 (SFEC, 9/28/97, DB p.37)

1989  Bruce Conner created his lithograph collage "Bombhead."
 (SFEM, 5/28/00, p.17)
 
1989  Tilted Arc, a sculpture by Richard Serra, was hauled off to a city warehouse after being displayed at Federal Plaza in Manhattan. It had become a symbol of the bullying demands of public art.
 (WSJ, 10/1/96, p.A20)

1989  Wayne Thiebaud made his color etching "Steep Street" at Crown Point Press.
 (SFEC, 9/28/97, DB p.37)

1989  Martin Sherman wrote the play "A Madhouse in Goa."
 (WSJ, 11/26/97, p.A12)

1989  California’s Gov. Brown and journalist Dick Adler co-authored "Public Justice, Private Mercy: A Governor’s Education on Death Row."
 (SFC, 1/13/03, p.A1)

1989  Thomas Chinn (d.1997 at 88) published "Bridging the Pacific, San Francisco Chinatown and Its People," a history of Chinatown.
 (SFC, 9/16/97, p.A18)

1989  Miles Davis wrote his autobiography.
 (SFC,11/14/97, p.C12)

1989  Peggy Lee wrote her biography "Peggy Lee."
 (SFC, 8/28/96, E10)

1989  Caroline Reynolds Milbank, fashion historian, authored "New York Fashion."
 (WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R40)

1989  "Once Before I Go" by Wayne Newton was published.
 (SFC, 8/28/96, E10)

1989  Robert Allen wrote "The Port Chicago Mutiny." It described a 1944 explosion at Port Chicago, now the Concord Naval Weapons Station in Ca., that killed 320 seamen. The Navy court-martialed 50 black sailors for refusing to go back to work after the catastrophe.
 (SFEC, 3/2/97, z1 p.3)

1989  Prof. Charles M. Hardin (1908-1997) wrote "Constitutional Reform in America."
 (SFC, 7/4/97, p.E2)

1989  Kathy Keeton Guccione (d.1997 at 58), associate founder of Penthouse Magazine, founded the health magazine "Longevity."
 (SFC, 9/25/97, p.B2)

1989  Oscar Hijuelos published his novel "The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love." It was made into a movie in 1992.
 (SFC, 2/22/99, p.E5)

1989  "Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey into Female Genital Circumcision in  Africa" by Hanny Lightfoot-Klein was published.
 (NH, 8/96, p.65)

1989  James M. McPherson wrote "Battle Cry of Freedom," a Pulitzer Prize winning work on the Civil War.
 (WSJ, 3/21/97, p.A17)

1989  Vance Packard (1914-1996) wrote "The Ultra Rich: How Much Is Too Much."
 (SFC, 12/13/96, p.B6)

1989  Jimmy M. Skaggs wrote "Clipperton: A History of the Island the World Forgot."
 (NH, 12/96, p.70)

1989  Allan Gurganus published his novel "Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All."
 (SFC,11/21/97, p.C6)

1989  Kazuo Ishiguro won this year's Booker Award for his novel: "The Remains of the Day."
 (WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-12)

1989  In Japan Shintaro Isihara and Akio Morita, former chairman of Sony, co-authored "The Japan That Can Say No." It argued that Japan should challenge US hegemony and act as a geopolitical free agent.
 (SFC, 4/10/99, p.A10)

1989  Tooru Joe Kanazawa (d.2002 at 95) authored "Sushi and Sourdough," a glimpse into the world of Japanese immigrants in Alaska’s salmon canneries in the 1920s.
 (SFC, 10/22/02, p.A16)

1989  Kanan Makiya authored "Republic of Fear," a portrayal of Saddam Hussein's brutality, under the pseudonym Samir al-Khalil while in exile in the US. The book became a best seller in 1990, a year after its publication, when Saddam invaded Kuwait.
 (AP, 7/29/03)

1989  James Michener wrote his novel "Caribbean."
 (SFC,10/17/97, p.A17)

1989  James Michener wrote "Six Days in Havana" with John Kings.
 (SFC,10/17/97, p.A17)

1989  Patrick Rance (d.1999) authored "The French Cheese Book."
 (SFC, 8/30/99, p.A24)

1989  Maureen Reagan (d.2001 at 60), daughter of Pres. Ronald Reagan, authored the autobiography "First Father, First Daughter."
 (SFC, 8/9/01, p.A20)

1989  Salmon Rushdie published his book "The Satanic Verses." The Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran sentenced the novelist to death for the book. Several translators of the book were later killed or wounded.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1989)(SFEC, 8/31/97, p.A2)

1989  Jose Saramago of Portugal authored "The History of the Siege of Lisbon."
 (SFC, 10/9/98, p.A2)

1989  In China Wang Shuo published Whatever You Do, Don’t Treat Me as a Human. He had began a literary movement known as "hooligan literature" in the 1980s.  His novels included "The Operators." In 1996 the government halted the printing of his books on the basis of moral decay.
 (SFC, 11/29/96, p.B9)

1989  "The Joy Luck Club" by Amy Tan was published.
 (SFEC, 8/18/96, BR p. 2)

1989  The Broadway musical "Grand Hotel" was written by George Forrest and Robert Wright.
 (SFC, 10/13/99, p.C2)

1989  Hans van Manen created his ballet "Black Cake."
 (SFC, 4/4/00, p.B1)

1989  Astor Piazzolla (d.1992), bandoneon player, recorded his album "Five Tango Sensations."
 (BAAC, 1/96, p.4,5)(Esq., 5/91, p.60,61)

1989  The TV miniseries "Lonesome Dove" starred Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones.
 (SFC, 5/28/01, p.C1)

1989  The TV show Singstation, featuring gospel music, began airing around Chicago.
 (WSJ, 10/15/96, p.A12)

1989  Bill Monroe received the first Grammy Award for the Best Bluegrass Recording of the year.
 (SFC, 9/10/96, p.A17)

1989  Milli Vanilli, a duo composed of Rob Pilatus (d.1998 at 32) and Fabrice Morvan, won a Grammy for Best New Artist after their hits "Blame It on the Rain" and "All or Nothing." It was later learned the duo lip-synched the songs that were done by uncredited studio musicians and the award was revoked in 1990. John Davis and Brad Howell did the vocals, but did not want to travel. Producer Frank Farian then hired Pilatus and Morvan.
 (SFC, 4/6/98, p.A26)(BS, 5/3/98, p.6F)

1989  Nirvana with Kurt Cobain released its debut album "Bleach" on the Sub Pop label.
 (SFC, 7/30/97, p.E6)

1989  The Texas Tornados were formed with Doug Sahm (d.1999 at 58) on steel guitar, Augie Meyers (vocalist), Freddie Fender (guitar) and Flaco Jimenez (accordion).
 (SFC, 11/20/99, p.A22)

1989  Sir Michael Tippett, British composer, composed his 5th opera "New Year," which premiered in Houston.
 (SFC, 1/10/98, p.A19)

1989  In Chicago the AT&T Corporate Center was completed. The 60-story building was designed by architects Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.
 (WSJ, 1/3/97, p.B10)

1989  In Las Vegas the 3,044-room, $630 million Mirage Casino was completed.
 (WSJ, 1/21/97, p.A18)

1989  The Olympia & York Real Estate Dev. Co. opened the 1,500 room Marriott Hotel in downtown SF. It was quickly dubbed the Jukebox Marriott for its garish design by Daniel Mann Johnson & Mendenhall.
 (SF E&C, 1/15/1995, SFE Mag. p.26)

1989  Dallas opened The Sixth Floor Museum dedicated to the 1963 assassination of JFK. It was located on the 6th floor of the former School Book Depository near the site of the murder.
 (SSFC, 11/16/03, p.C8)

1989  Philip Berman (d.1997 at 82), art collector and philanthropist, became chairman of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. He had prospered and retired from the trucking business and led a capital campaign that raised $63.4 million for the museum between 1989 and 1993.
 (SFC, 12/2/97, p.A22)

1989  The National Film Preservation Board began selecting 25 films for entry to a national list of film treasures.
 (SFC, 1/21/98, p.E6)

1989  In Chicago Marc Smith founded the National Poetry Slam at the Green Mill outsider poetry readings.
 (WSJ, 9/10/98, p.A20)

1989  The Studio for Creative Inquiry was founded at Carnegie-Mellon Univ. in Pittsburgh, Pa.
 (WSJ, 6/17/96, p.A12)

1989  The Center for Nonproliferation Studies was founded by William Potter based at the Monterey Inst. for Int’l. Studies. Potter was a Soviet specialist worried about weapons of mass destruction falling into the wrong hands.
 (SFC, 10/13/97, p.A21)

1989  The Goldman Foundation of San Francisco was established by insurance executive Richard Goldman and his wife, Rhoda H. Goldman. The foundation was set up to provide annual cash awards to eco-activists on each of the 6 inhabited continents. [2nd source says the foundation was est. in 1990]
 (USAT, 4/22/96, p.4-D)(SFC, 4/14/97, p.A1)

1989  Kalle Lasn founded the Media Foundation in Vancouver to produce alternative advertising.
 (WSJ, 11/19/97, p.A1)

1989  The Lannan Lifetime Achievement Award was established to honor writers whose work was of exceptional quality.
 (SFC, 10/5/99, p.B2)

1989  The National Computer Security Association (NCSA) was founded.
 (Wired, 10/96, p.88)

1989  The Getty family gave $15 million to the Univ. of California at Berkeley to build and renovate the biology and anthropology facility in the Life Sciences Building.
 (SFC, 1/8/95, p.7)

1989  In California the Hess Collection in Napa opened as a combination winery and modern art museum. Donald Hess, a Swiss water wizard, had acquired the former Theodore Gier Winery in the 1970s.
 (SFEC, 2/22/98, p.T5)

1989  The new Pelican Bay prison opened in northern California.
 (SFC, 9/20/96, p.A24)

1989  21 tons of cocaine powder were found in a San Fernando Valley warehouse. It was the largest single US seizure of drugs.
 (SFEC, 10/20/96, A13)

1989  The Miss America beauty pageant began to require that contestants have an issue on which to speak if selected.
 (SFEC, 9/15/96, p.A6)

1989  To avoid assimilation 300,000 Turks left Bulgaria.
 (SFC, 9/9/96, p.A11)

1989  The PASS (Promoting Achievement in School through Sport) organization was founded.
 (SFEM, 5/11/97, p.10)

1989  William Edgar Bowers (d.2000 at 75) won the $10,000 Bollingen Prize from Yale Univ. for his poetry.
 (SFC, 2/8/00, p.A23)

1989  John Casey won the National Book Award for the novel "Spartina."
 (USAT, 11/19/97, p.22A)

1989  Michael Dorris (d.1997 at 52), a Modoc Indian descendent, won the National Book Critics Circle Award for his work: "The Broken Cord." It described the problem of fetal alcohol syndrome.
 (SFC, 4/15/97, p.A2)

1989  Bharati Mukherjee won a National Book Critics Circle award for her short-story collection "The Middleman and Other Stories."
 (SFEC, 6/1/97, BR p.1)

1989  "Machiavelli in Hell" by Sebastian de Grazia won the Pulitzer Prize.
 (SFC, 7/14/96, p.C11)

1989  Alberto Calderon (1920-1998), born in Argentina, won the Wolf Prize, the highest award in mathematics. He contributed to developing singular integrals and with his mentor, Antoni Zygmund, founded the Chicago school of analysis.
 (SFC, 4/21/98, p.A26)

1989  The Dalai Lama won the Nobel Peace Prize.
 (WSJ, 12/2/98, p.A22)

1989  Sidney Altman won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his studies of ribonucleic acid.
 (SFC, 8/5/97, p.A3)

1989  J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus of the UC San Francisco won the Nobel Prize in medicine for their 1976 discovery of a family of genes, oncogenes in chickens, that helped scientists understand how cancer develops.  In 1998 Robert A. Weinberg published "One Renegade Cell," a primer on the discovery of oncogenes.
 (SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)(SFC, 2/6/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/25/98, p.A16)

1989  The G-7 countries set up the Financial Action Task Force to combat financial crimes.
 (WSJ, 5/23/96, p.A-12)

1989  A democratic tide swept Eastern Europe.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1989)

1989  Pres. Bush required a presidential waiver for the sale of commercial satellites to China. He later approve the export of 9 such satellites for launch on Chinese rockets.
 (SFC, 5/25/98, p.A3)

1989  US Congress approved a ban on refitting of US registered ships abroad.
 (WSJ, 11/25/97, p.A1)

1989  Senior Defense Dept. officials tried to cancel the experimental Osprey military aircraft but Congress continued to fund the program.
 (SFC, 4/11/00, p.A3)

1989  The Office of the Inspector General was created to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Justice personnel in various agencies.
 (SFC, 1/21/99, p.A3)

1989  The right-wing ARENA party of El Salvador began to be supported by the US government.
 (SFC, 5/8/96, p.A-19)

1989  The Teamsters settled a suit brought by the government that charged ties to the Mafia. The union agreed to rank-and-file elections for president and to an independent review board.
 (SFEC, 11/17/96, p.C9)

1989  O.J. Simpson was convicted of battering his wife, Nicole Simpson.
 (SFC, 6/22/96, p.A8)

1989  An int'l. accord on coffee prices was lifted. When entire inventories were sold the market was flooded and prices dropped.
 (SFC, 1/30/99, p.A12)

1989  Bank of America declared its first dividend since 1985 and expanded retail operations into Nevada and Washington. It became the first major California bank to open all branches on Saturdays.
 (SFC, 4/14/98, p.B4)

1989  Chrysler was the first car maker to install air bags in all vehicles.
 (WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)

1989  The DC-10, a wide-bodied, 3-engine aircraft, was taken out of production. A total of 446 were built since 1970, when American Airlines began using them.
 (SFC, 4/27/00, p.A24)

1989  The Hearst Corp. formed Hearst Entertainment & Syndication to oversee activities in cable TV, syndication and entertainment. Hearst also acquired Phoenix Entertainment Group and renamed it Hearst Entertainment. Hearst Magazines Int'l. was formed to pursue publishing opportunities worldwide.
 (SFC, 8/7/99, p.A9)

1989  The Honda Accord was the best-selling car in the US.
 (WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)

1989  Uniroyal Chemical Inc. purchased by Avery Inc. was taken private in a management-led buyout. It was renamed Uniroyal Chemical Corp.
 (WSJ, 5/28/96, R45)

1989  America Online (AOL) made its debut. In 1998 Kara Swisher wrote "aol.com: How Steve Case beat Bill Gates, Nailed the Netheads, and Made Millions in the War for the Web. [see Control Video in 1982]
 (SFEC, 8/2/98, BR p.1,8)

1989  Cray Computing Corp. was founded by Seymour Cray. It went bankrupt in 1995.
 (SFEC, 10/6/96, C12)

1989  Crazy Eddie Inc. went broke. The retail electronics chain burned out in scandal of missing inventory, stolen cash and bogus merchandise bookings. In 1990 assets were frozen and founder Eddie Antar disappeared under charges of bilking investors out of $74 mil. He was nabbed in Israel in 1992 and sent to a US prison.
 (WSJ, 6/13/96, p.A1,8)

1989  Creative Labs introduced the SoundBlaster sound card that became a standard in personal computers.
 (WSJ, 3/4/97, p.B1)

1989  The first versions of HTML that launched the Web appeared.
 (SFEC, 3/15/98, p.W26)

1989  Del Monte fresh fruits was sold to London-based Polly Peck for $804 million. The rest of Del Monte was sold to a group of investors that included senior management and Merrill Lynch for $1.47 billion.
 (SFC, 3/1/97, p.B1)

1989  Federal Express bought the Flying Tiger Airlines, the largest cargo line in the world. Jules Watson (d.2001 at 84) was one of the founders of Flying Tiger.
 (SFC, 8/18/01, p.E3)

1989  General Dynamics began building the Seawolf nuclear submarines. Each one cost about $2.1 billion.
 (WSJ, 12/13/99, p.A6)

1989  Intel shipped the first 486 microprocessor, an enhanced version of the 386. It held more than 1 million transistors and included a built-in floating point unit and 8K of internal RAM.
 (TAR, 1996, p.28)

1989  Nintendo Co. of Japan launched its Game Boy product, a portable, hand-held game system with interchangeable game packs. The game was designed by Gunpei Yokoi (d.1997 at 56).
 (Hem, 4/96, p.29)(SFC, 10/11/97, p.A19)

1989  The Pillsbury Company was purchased in a hostile takeover by Grand Met, a British conglomerate.
 (Hem., 1/97, p.36)

1989  SmithKline Beckman merged with Beecham Group PCL of Britain to create the world’s 2nd largest drug company.
 (SFC, 1/21/98, p.B2)

1989  Sony Corp. paid $4.8 billion to take over Columbia Pictures. Jon Peters and Peter Guber worked their way into positions of co-chiefs and promptly lost huge sums over the next few years. Their legacy left Sony with losses of $3.2 billion and a $520 million write-off for abandoned projects. The fiasco is chronicled in the 1996 book "Hit and Run" by Nancy Griffin and Kim Masters.
 (WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A12)

1989  Philip Anschutz with backing from Morgan Stanley picked up the Southern Pacific Railroad for just over $1 billion.
 (WSJ, 6/18/96, p.A17)

1989  CDMA (Code division multiple access), a wireless technology, was introduced by Irwin Jacobs. It was supposed to cram more calls onto wireless networks than available analog systems.
 (WSJ, 9/66/96, p.A1,6)

1989  Ralph Merkle, computer scientist at Xerox PARC, evaluated intellectual processing power 3 different ways. An average of his methods indicated that the brain runs about 1 quadrillion operations per second. With computing power doubling every 18 months, he reasoned that hardware would catch up with brainpower around 2020.
 (Wired, 8/96, p.204)

1989  A satellite name COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) was launched. It carried extremely sensitive microwave detectors that were being used to detect the cosmic background radiation from the Big Bang.
 (NG, p.34, Jan, 94)

1989  The Group O AIDS virus was identified in West Africa. It had marked genetic differences from the more common Group M strains that were responsible for a worldwide pandemic.
 (SFC, 7/5/96, p.A5)

1989  Scientists used "positional cloning" to identify the gene that causes cystic fibrosis.
 (WSJ, 6/11/01, p.A1)

1989  The Hepatitis C virus was first isolated. It causes an infection of the liver that is usually lifelong and incurable. Scientists in 1999 found evidence of the virus in frozen blood samples from 1948.
 (SFC, 3/25/97, p.A4)(SFC, 5/21/99, p.A3)

1989  Merck Corp. announced the discovery of the 3-dimensional structure of the enzyme protease. It was seen as a promising target for attacking the virus that causes AIDS.
 (WSJ, 11/5/96, p.A1)

1989  The P53 gene was found to act as a tumor suppressor gene.
 (SFC, 11/12/96, p.A5)

1989  Dr. Ray White led a team that found the NF-1 gene. A mutation of the gene was found to be responsible for neurofibromatosis.
 (WSJ, 2/27/97, p.B1)

1989  There was an outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus among 450 primates in Reston, Va.
 (FB, 9/12/96, Neighbors p.1)

1989  Vladimir Pasechnik defected to the US from the Soviet Biopreparat biological weapons program. He revealed that the Soviet program was ten times larger than US estimates.
 (WSJ, 3/10/98, p.A22)

1989  At CERN, the Swiss research laboratory, the Internet Web was created.
 (CM, 6/95, p.12)

1989  Dean Kamen, inventor, started a robotics competition for high-schoolers, for Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST).
 (NW, 4/24/03, p.44)

1989  Jeremy Burroughs, Cambridge scientist, discovered that certain plastic polymers emit light while conducting electricity. The light emitting polymers (LEP) opened up a new field for the visual display of data.
 (WSJ, 12/3/96, p.B6)

1989  Jack Jewell at Bell Labs figured out how to make vertical cavity surface emitting lasers practical. They were first described by Prof. Kenichi Iga at the Tokyo Institute of Tech. in the late 1970s. They became fabricated like computer chips were capable of transmitting data at 6 Gbps.
 (Wired, 2/98, p.77)

1989  Scientists confirmed the existence of sprites and blue jets, the odd light effects of pulses of electromagnetic energy emitted above thunderstorms.
 (SFC, 12/16/96, p.B1)

1989  Caltech's Kip Thorne and colleagues theorized that general relativity permits wormholes, tunnels that cut across regions of space-time, and showed that with enough negative energy, they can be propped open.
 (WSJ, 11/21/03, p.B1)

1989  The Univ. of Phoenix enrolled 8 students in the world’s first online campus. (http://www.uopphx.edu/online).
 (LT, 9/30/96, p.76)

1989  The U of M Institute for Social Research (ISR), began its World Values Survey to be conducted every 5 years.
 (MT, Fall. ‘97, p.4)

1989  The world fish catch peaked at 86.4 million metric tons.
 (SFC, 7/7/96, A10)

1989  The Russian wheat aphid arrived from Mexico and began to damage US wheat fields.
 (SFC, 8/17/00, p.A2)

1989  The UN Convention on Int’l. Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) imposed a total ban on the trade of ivory and elephant hide.
 (WSJ, 1/7/97, p.A1)(SFC, 6/20/97, p.A20)(SFC, 4/18/00, p.A9)

1989  "Buffalo clover... nearly knee-high... afforded a rich pasture." An image of the fertile frontier penned by historian S.P. Hildreth in 1788. After 1907 the clover was unseen until 1989 when it emerged in some topsoil delivered to a botanist’s backyard.
 (NG, Jan. 94, p.144)

1989  Gene Savoy, explorer, discovered pottery and monolithic tablets in the cloud forest of northern Peru that he said showed native contact with ancient cultures in other parts of the world. The area was the homeland of the Chachapoya Indian kingdom.
 (SFC,12/13/97, p.A13)

1989  Hurricane Hugo caused $8 billion in damage and killed 35 people. Most of the damage was in South Carolina where winds reached 135-mph. Damage was $4.2 billion.
 (SFC, 9/6.96, p.A12)(SFEC, 9/15/96, p.A10)

1989  In Noblesville, Ind., the parents of Brian and David Setters were shot to death. The brothers took over the family insurance business. In 1998 the 2 brothers were charged with the murder.
 (SFC, 10/1/98, p.A3)

1989  An AK-47 assault rifle was used in an assault on school children in Stockton, Ca.
 (SFC, 5/27/96, p.A9)

1989  In Kansas City, Mo., a firebomb was thrown into a house and 6 people died.
 (SFC,12/6/97, p.A7)

1989  A federal judge and a civil rights lawyer in Alabama were killed by a mail bomb. Walter Leroy Moody was convicted in 1991 on federal charges and sentenced to life. In 1996 Moody was convicted on state charges with recommended execution and sentenced to be executed in 1997.
 (WSJ, 11/6/96, p.A1)(WSJ,2/11/97, p.A1)

1989  Samuel Beckett, playwright, died at 83. His work included the novel "The Unnamable." In 1997 2 biographies of Beckett were published: "Damned to Fame" by James Knowlson and "Samuel Beckett: The Last Modernist," by Anthony Cronin. In 1999 Maurice Harmon published "No Author Better Served: The Correspondence of Samuel Beckett and Alan Schneider." Schneider (d.1984) was Beckett's American director.
 (SFEC, 9/22/96, BR p.10)(SFEC, 9/30/96, p.A23)(WSJ, 7/11/97, p.A12)(SFEC, 1/17/99, BR p.7)

1989  Thomas Bernhard (1921-1989), Austrian novelist and playwright, died. He hated petty and conservative Austrian qualities and was known as a teller of difficult truths. His work included "Gathering Evidence" and "Wittgenstein’s Nephew."
 (SFEM, 10/13/96, p.24)

1989  Lester "Benny" Binion, founder of the Las Vegas Horseshoe Casino, died.
 (WSJ, 8/24/98, p.A1)

1989  John Cassavetes, film director, died. His films included "Gloria" (1980), "Love Streams" (1984) and "A Woman Under the Influence." An unproduced script was later made into the 1997 film "She’s So Lovely," by his son.
 (SFEC, 2/9/97, DB p.9)(WSJ, 8/29/97, p.A9)

1989  Bruce Chatwin, travel writer, died of AIDS. His books included "In Patagonia" (1984) "Songlines," "The Viceroy of Ouidah," and "On the Black Hill." In 1997 a collection of incidental writing was published: "Anatomy of Restlessness."
 (SFEC, 8/10/97, BR p.3)

1989  Khomeini [of Iran] died.
 (TMC, 1994, p.1989)

1989  Huey Newton, a co-founder of the Black Panther Party, was shot to death by a crack cocaine dealer.
 (SFC, 5/19/96, p.C-9)

1989  Lawrence Olivier, British actor, died.
 (SFC,2/17/97, p.D6)

1989  Jean Painleve (b.1902), film maker, died. His science and nature films inspired the Surrealists.
 (WSJ, 6/19/00, p.A44)

1989  Gilda Radner (42), comedian and wife of Gene Wilder, died.
 (SFC, 11/8/96, p.C10)

1989  Virgil Thomson, composer, died at age 92. He wrote 2 operas with Gertrude Stein: "Four Saints in Three Acts" and "The Mother of Us All." In 1997 Anthony Tommasini wrote "Virgil Thomson: Composer on the Aisle."
 (SFEC,10/19/97, Par p.18)

1989  Billy Tipton (b.1914), jazz musician, died. Billy passed for a man for over 50 years with 5 marriages. In 1998 Diane Wood Middlebrook published "Suits Me: The Double Life of Billy Tipton."
 (SFEC, 6/28/98, BR p.1,8)

1989  Jay Ward, cartoonist, creator of the 1959 TV show "Rocky and His Friends," which featured Rocket J. Squirrel and Bullwinkle J. Moose, died.
 (SFEC, 12/15/96, DB p.63)

1989  Robert Penn Warren (b.1905), man of letters, died. He authored 16 poetry collections and 10 novels that included the 1946 "All the King’s Men."
 (WSJ, 2/27/97, p.A15)

1989  In Afghanistan the Mujahedeen drove the Russians out of the country.
 (SFC, 9/23/96, A9)

1989  In Algeria a relatively liberal constitution was adopted.
 (WSJ, 12/3/96, p.A22)

1989  In Antarctica an Argentine navy ship, the Bahia Paraiso, was wrecked on rocks next to DeLaca Island, near the US Palmer Station scientific base. It was still leaking diesel fuel in 1996 and had decimated imperial cormorant and kelp gull bird population.
 (SFC, 1/4/97, p.A19)

1989  In Argentina Carlos Saul Menem became the president. He was a Muslim who converted to Catholicism, which was previously a requirement for the presidency. The annual inflation rate was 5000%.
 (WSJ, 12/12/95, p.A-15)(Hem., 1/96, p.11)(SFC, 12/24/96, p.A8)

1989  Argentina broke with the past and positioned itself as a US ally. Castro’s Cuba was denounced and frigates were sent to support Desert Storm.
 (SFC, 10/12/97, p.A15)

1989  Australia initiated the formation of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum.
 (Hem, 4/96, p.16)(SFEC,11/23/97, p.A21)

1989  In Belgium Marc Dutroux was sent to prison for 13 years for abducting and raping 5 girls. He was released after serving 3 years and quickly reverted to his former self. He was again arrested in 1996 for kidnappings in 1995.
 (SFC, 8/20/96, p.A10)

1989  In Britain Channel Four began its "Out on Tuesday" series, the first regular gay and lesbian programming.
 (SFC, 5/21/97, p.D3)

1989  In Burma the military authorities placed Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest where she was confined for the next 6 years.
 (SFEC, 8/23/98, BR p.4)

1989  The Cambodian peace talks in Paris collapsed.
 (Hem, 4/96, p.15)

1989  In Cambodia Vietnam withdrew the last of 26,000 troops. The Khmer Rouge seized the gem mining town of Pailin near the Thai border and financed its operations with gem and timer profits.
 (SFC, 6/14/97, p.A15)

1989  In Canada a human rights tribunal ruled that equal rights must be provided for women. This opened Canadian military jobs for women except for submarine duty.
 (SFC, 3/26/98, p.B2)

1989  Canada ceased issuing C$1 notes.
 (WSJ, 11/6/97, p.A22)

1989  Sebastian Pinera, Chilean businessman and politician, was elected senator in Chile. His fortune in 1996 was estimated at $300 mil.
 (WSJ, 3/26/96, p.A-10)

1989  In China the low-level Gezhouba Dam on the Yangtze River was completed.
 (NH, 7/96, p.38)

1989  In the Comoro Islands Pres. Ahmed Abdallah was assassinated in his presidential palace in Moroni. In 1999 Bob Denard, a French mercenary and head of the presidential guard, and Dominique Malacrino were put on trial for the killing.
 (SFC, 5/6/99, p.A15)

1989  In Colombia a Time Magazine investigative team that included Tom Quinn (1943-1996) found evidence indicating that Gen’l. Guillermo Medina Sanchez, national police chief, had taken money from drug traffickers.
 (SFC, 10/21/96, p.A17)

1989  In Colombia the M-19 rebel group agreed to disarm.
 (SFC, 8/23/97, p.A20)

1989  In Colombia drug kingpin Jose Rodriguez Gacha was killed.
 (SFC, 4/7/97, p.A10)

1989  In Croatia Franjo Tudjman began airing his views on Zagreb Radio 101.
 (WSJ, 7/25/96, p.A1)

1989  El Salvador military officers Colonel Carlos Eugenio Vides Casanova, director of the National Guard and Gen’l. Jose Guillermo Garcia, the minister of defense, retired to Florida. In 2002 a Florida jury found Casanova and Garcia responsible for torture and atrocities committed in 1983 and ordered payment of $54.6 million to 3 victims living in Florida. [see El Salvador Dec 4, 1980]
 (SFC, 7/24/02, p.A12)

c1989  Lori Helene Berenson, an American, began work in El Salvador as the personal secretary to Leonel Gonzalez, top commander of the FMLN guerrillas. She stayed for about for about 4 1/2 years and moved to Peru.
 (WSJ, 12/27/96, p.A7)

1989   In Albania Alia, addressing the Eighth Plenum of the Central Committee, signaled that radical changes to the economic system were necessary.
 (www, Albania, 1998)

1989  In France construction of the new Tres Grand Bibliotheque (aka TGB, the national library) was begun in Paris. It was designed by Dominique Perrault and the first quarter was scheduled to open in 1997.
 (WSJ, 8/28/97, p.A12)

1989  Prime Minister Sousuke Uno resigned over a scandal involving his geisha mistress. Criticism focused on allegations that he treated her in a miserly fashion.
 (SFC, 8/20/96, p.A18)(SFEC, 1/25/98, Z1 p.2)

1989  In France the I.M. Pei glass pyramid next to the Louvre Museum was built.
 (SFC, 6/16/96, T-5)

1989  Gerard Fusil, a French journalist, conceived "adventure racing" as a sport.
 (WSJ, 5/19/00, p.A1)

1989  In Berlin, Germany, the Love Par festival was begun to celebrate techno music.
 (SFC, 8/18/97, p.E4)

1989  In France Christine Deviers-Joncour was hired by state-owned Elf oil company to use her wiles on foreign minister Roland Dumas to go along with a sale of 6 French-made warships to Taiwan. In 1998 she published "The Whore of the Republic," and told her story.
 (SFC, 11/28/98, p.A14)

1989  Iceland stopped whaling.
 (SFC, 5/10/97, p.A8)

1989  India again had a non-Congress government but it fell before the end of its 5-year term.
 (WSJ, 4/26/96, p.A-10)

1989  In Iran Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri protested the execution of thousands of political prisoners. This frustrated Ayatollah Khomeini and caused him to dump Montazeri as heir apparent.
 (WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A20)

1989  Israel repealed its anti-sodomy laws. The laws had not been enforced for 30 years.
 (SFEC, 7/20/98, p.A16)

1989  Sheik Ahmed Yassin, the founder and spiritual leader of Hamas, was arrested by Israel and sentenced to life in prison for involvement in attacks against Israelis. He was released to Jordan in 1997.
 (SFC, 5/25/96, p.A12)(SFC, 10/2/97, p.A12)

1989  In Jamaica Michael Manley re-emerged and trounced Seaga in national elections. He dropped his anti-imperialist rhetoric and espoused capitalism, private investment and good relations with the US. He began an economic overhaul program.
 (SFC, 3/8/96, p.A21)(WSJ, 4/29/97, p.A19)

1989  Rebellion erupted in India-held Kashmir and small arms sniping between Indian soldiers and rebels became routine. Many of the Islamic separatists trained in Pakistan.
 (SFC, 6/12/99, p.A12)(SFC, 6/8/02, p.A20)
1989  Javed Hussain Shah completed 6 months of training in Afghanistan and led a Kashmiri insurgent group later dubbed the Jihad Force. He fought along with al Qaeda members and later became a Kashmiri legislator.
 (SSFC, 6/23/02, p.A13)

1989  Soviet nuclear test explosions ended in Kazakstan.
 (SFC,11/20/97, p.B2)

1989  Laos opened to foreign tourists for the first time since 1975.
 (SFEC, 3/29/98, p.T4)

1989  In Lebanon the Taif Agreement maintained sectarian divisions in government and led to the end of the civil war.
 (SFC, 9/28/98, p.A10)

1989  In Liechtenstein, the 6th smallest country in the world, Prince Hans-Adam II assumed the throne upon the death of his father.
 (WSJ, 7/22/97, p.A1)

1989  In Lithuania Dr. Saulius Caplinskas started an AIDS Center in Vilnius. In 1997 there were 60 reported cases of HIV, but the actual number was estimated to be between 200-300.
 (SFC, 4/16/97, p.A10)

1989  In Mexico Gerardo de Prevoisin led an investor group in the buyout of Aeromexico. In 1994 he was forced out as chairman and in 1996 was accused of embezzling $72 mil.
 (WSJ, 7/1/96, p.A6)

1989  In Mexico Ernesto Zedillo as a Cabinet secretary granted a $7 mil payment to Maseca, a corn-flour maker, run by Roberto Gonzalez Barrera, a close friend of Pres. Carlos Salinas. It was supposed to be compensation money for government failure to pay subsidies in the late 1980s, although 16 mil was paid in 1988.
 (SFC, 7/6/96, p.A10)

1989  In Mexico Raul Salinas under the name of Juan Guillermo Gomez Gutierrez approached the Swiss Pictet Bank to open an account. Later info came out that Raul Salinas lent $29.8 mil for 6 years at 12% to Mr. Salinas Pliego for use in TV Azteca. News also surfaced that Jose Madariaga Lomelin, chairman of BBV Probursa SA, a banking group, and Abraham Zabludovsky, an executive with Grupo Televisa SA, invested in a bus manufacturing company with Raul Salinas.
 (WSJ, 6/7/96, p.A11)(SFC, 7/8/96, p.A6)

1989  In Mozambique Frelimo dropped its socialist ideas in favor of a free-market economy.
 (SFC, 10/14/97, p.A12)

1989  In Namibia the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) ended its rebellion against South African rule with the UN supervised elections that elected Sam Nujoma as President.
 (LVRJ, 11/1/97, p.20A)

1989  In Peshawar, Pakistan, Abdulla Yusuf Azzam, a Palestinian intellectual, was assassinated in a car bombing reportedly ordered by Osama bin Laden for suspected CIA ties.
 (SFC, 8/19/98, p.A16)

1989  Pakistan ordered 60 F-16 fighter jets from the US and paid for 28 of them. The US Congress stopped the sale in 1990.
 (SFC, 12/3/98, p.A18)

1989  In Poland the Communist regime fell.
 (SFC, 10/24/96, p.C3)

1989  In Romania some 1,200 deaths occurred during the revolution after the army officially changed sides.
 (SFC, 6/15/98, p.A11)

1989  In Saudi Arabia the $140 million King Fahd Cultural Center was completed on the outskirts of Riyadh. It has never been opened to the public and was maintained by a fulltime staff of 180 people.
 (SFC, 11/22/96, p.A20)

1989  In Serbia Radio B-92 was founded by a Youth Council that vanished in the dissolution of Yugoslavia. It got a legal license for 15 days but has not had legal status since. It continued to operate and was the only independent station broadcasting in 1996.
 (SFC, 12/3/96, p.A12)

1989   The Milosevic regime in Yugoslavia made constitutional changes to consolidate power over the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. Kosovo, whose 1.9 million people are 90% Albanian, lost its autonomy and was placed under Serbian rule. The constitution passed without the approval of the parliament of Kosova. The Serbs fired most Albanians and closed many enterprises. Muslim unrest followed and Kosovo was occupied. 90% of the population of Kosovo was made up of some 2.2 million ethnic Albanians.
 (SFC, 6/11/96, p.A14)(SFC, 5/11/96, p.A-10)(WSJ, 8/5/96, p.A13)(SFC, 12/10/97, p.C2)(www, Albania, 1998)

1989  In South Africa Eugene de Kock’s covert Vlakplaas unit began to be exposed in newspapers and court proceedings.
 (SFC, 9/19/96, p.A8)

1989  In South Africa Winnie Mandela sent a young man to the mission of Paul Verryn, a Methodist minister, to try to trap him into a sexual liaison. She then kidnapped 4 youths from the mission and beat them until they agreed to accuse the minister of having sex with them.
 (SFC,11/27/97, p.B2)

1989  Stompie Seipei (14) was kidnapped and killed by the Mandela United Football Club, the bodyguards of Winnie Mandela. Jerry Richardson was convicted of the murder and sentenced to a life sentence. In 1997 he reported to the truth commission that Mrs. Mandela asked him to do it. Dr. Abu-baker Asvat, who examined Stompie, was also murdered. The events were later described in the 1997 book "Katiza’s Journey" by Fred Bridgland. Bodyguard Katiza Cebekhulu in 1997 testified that he saw Winnie Mandela plunge a shiny object into Stompie. Pelo Mekgwe, one of the 4 young men brought to the Mandela house, testified in 1997 that chief bodyguard Jerry Richardson ordered him to help kill Lerothodi Ikaneng, who survived a cut throat.
 (SFC, 9/17/97, p.C2)(SFC,11/26/97, p.C4)(SFC, 12/4/97, p.C2)

1989  In South Korea some 400,000 workers downed their tools in strikes that lasted months.
 (SFC, 1/10/97, p.A14)

1989  In Spain the 300-sq. km. Donana wetland, the richest in Europe, was declared a national park. The belt around Donana was managed by the regional government of Andalusia. The Madrid government managed the park.
 (WSJ, 4/28/98, p.A13)

1989  In Sudan Omar Hassan al-Bashir and Sheik Hassan al-Turabi, brother-in-law of Sadiq el-Mahdi, seized power. They imposed an Iranian style theocracy along with the strict Muslim sharia law on the country including the Christian southern Sudan. The national Islamic Front overthrew a democratic government under prime minister Sadiq el-Mahdi and have ruled ever since. Turabi was the author of the book "Women in Islam and Muslim Society."
 (WSJ, 10/20/95, p. A-12)(WSJ, 3/4/97, p.A14)(SFC, 4/5/97, p.A12)(SFC, 2/20/98, p.A12)

1989  A devastating draught prompted the international community to launch a massive relief effort called Operation Lifeline Sudan.
 (SFC, 4/15/96,A-8)

1989  Werner Aspenstrom (1919-1997), Swedish poet, resigned from the Nobel Academy for literature with 2 others for the academy’s weak response to the Salmon Rushdie controversy. His work included "Snolegend" (1949) and "Varelser" (1989).

1989  In Zurich, Switzerland, authorities experimented with an open access to drugs program, which caused an escalation in drug dealing and violence.
 (SFEC, 11/29/98, p.A21)

1989  The government of Thailand granted investment incentives to the Sahaviriya group to build the first mills for making steel.
 (WSJ, 8/27/96, p.A10)

1989  Trinidad and Tobago appealed for an Int’l. World Court to help it and other small countries fight int’l. drug trafficking.
 (SFEC, 12/1/96, p.A16)

1989  In Turkey Pres. Turgut Ozal alarmed Syria and Iraq when he announced that the flow of the Euphrates River would be held back for a month to fill the Ataturk dam. Flow was increased for 2 months before the cutback to offset the loss.
 (NG, 5/93, p.49)

1989  In Zimbabwe the Communal Areas Management Program for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) was established as a compromise settlement between park rangers and local communities.
 (SFC, 8/10/98, p.A12,14)

1989  In Zimbabwe elephant floppy trunk disease was first reported around Lake Kariba. Initial paralysis at the tip of the trunk gradually moved up and resulted in total paralysis. Scores of cases were reported in 2000 in South Africa and Zimbabwe.
 (SFC, 2/26/00, p.A8)

1989  The Int’l. Convention on the Rights of the Child was established to protect the economic, social and civil rights of children. The US and Somalia did not ratify the Convention.
 (SFEC, 10/8/00, Z1 p.4)

Late 80's The SOS, Save Outdoor Sculpture, organization was founded as a non-profit and largely volunteer organization. It is housed in Washington at the National Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Property (NIC). The SOS has 15,000 works entered into its Inventory of American Sculpture.
 (Smith., 4/1995, p.140)

1989-1990 Extreme violence shook Colombia when guerillas and drug traffickers mounted a brutal anti-government campaign known as narcoterrorism. Three pres. candidates were killed including the popular Luis Carlos Galan.
 (WSJ, 5/3/96, p.A-11)

1989-1990 In Mexico Javier Coello Trejo served as deputy attorney general and was the first drug czar under Pres. Carlos Salinas de Gortari.
 (SFC, 2/19/96, p.A11)

1989-1990 In Norway Jan P. Syse (d.1997 at 66) served as prime minister of a conservative-led coalition government. He led the conservative party from 1988-1991.
 (SFC, 9/18/97, p.C2)

1989-1990 In Slovenia Janez Drnovsek served as the Communist president.
 (SFC, 11/11/96, p.A11)

1989-1990 In Sri Lanka in 1997 the government admitted that nearly 17,000 people died or vanished during an offensive against the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP, People’s Liberation Front), a Marxist rebel group. Human rights groups estimated that some 60,000 people were killed or disappeared.
 (WSJ, 9/4/97, p.A1)(SFC, 9/4/97, p.A3)

1989-1990 In Sri Lanka a group of 25 high school students disappeared. It was later learned that school principle Dayananda Lokugalappathi had convinced the military that the students were linked to the JVP. In 1999 a court sentenced 6 soldiers and the principle to 10 years in prison.
 (SFC, 2/11/99, p.C3)

1989-1991 About 2 million small arms were imported legally into the US, including semiautomatic weapons that could be bought in US gun stores for $250-400.
 (SFC, 5/27/96, p.A9)

1989-1991 Somaliland fought a civil war with the regime of Somali Pres. Mohamed Siad Barre.
 (SFC, 4/15/98, p.C2)

1989-1992 Warren Zimmerman was the US ambassador to Yugoslavia. He later wrote "Origins of a Catastrophe" that documents this period.
 (SFEC, 10/20/96, p.C13)

1989-1992 Susan McDougal worked as a bookkeeper and personal assistant for conductor Zubin Mehta and his wife. McDougal was later charged with embezzlement of $150,000 and tax fraud. Her trial began in 1998. She was acquitted.
 (SFC, 9/9/98, p.A3)(SFC, 11/24/98, p.A1)

1989-1992 South Ossetia defended itself from Georgia with aid from Russia and about 1,000 people died in the fighting. Some 25-40,000 people fled the area.
 (SFC, 9/1/98, p.A10)

1989-1993 It is estimated that Chinese military companies exported more than 3 million guns to the US.
 (SFC, 5/26/96, p.A-13)

1989-1993 In Libya an outbreak of Old World Screwworm was eradicated by a coordinated int’l. effort.
 (SFC, 6/13/98, p.A7)

1989-1995 The US Congress established a program to ease the nursing shortage and allowed foreign nurses to work at hospitals under one-year visas where US workers were not available.
 (SFC, 1/15/98, p.A10)

1989-2002 Some 6,000 people disappeared in Indian-Kashmir over this period. Violence over this time claimed some 60,000 lives.
 (SFC, 9/27/02, p.A16)

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